How does Shakespeare’s language portray Claudius as an intellectual Villain? Essay

Charming, Charismatic and Sympathetic. The new King of Denmark seems to possess all the equalities the citizens of Denmark were craving for in their new leader. After years of being subjected to the government of an old-fashioned King they were ready for a change, which they get in the form of Claudius. However, it is possible that beneath the veneer and gloss of the splendid King something is rotten in the state of Denmark. As the plot of â€Å"Hamlet† unfolds, we get to see behind the fai ade of the cheerful King and Queen of Denmark and discover the deceit and dishonesty that lurks in Claudius. Claudius is first presented to us in Act I Scene II. This is the first time that Claudius addresses his court, and so to his audience these first impressions are vital. He presents them with a well-rehearsed speech, using all his skill as a diplomat and politician to win over his new subjects. He dedicates the first part of his speech to remembering old King Hamlet-to his audience this would seem respectful, but I think he does this simply to cover up for his deed-by saying â€Å"how green the memory of him is† he will not be suspected to have had any part in old Hamlet’s death. This is also clever on Claudius’ part as he is aware of the unease of his position. Claudius goes on to use the term â€Å"that it us befitted†, this is clever on the Kings part as he cleverly merges the royal use with the ordinary plural. This is extremely subtle but it shows him identifying himself with his audience and the ordinary people of Denmark. Claudius also makes sure that his audience knows that it was his advisors who suggested he marry Gertrude-â€Å"Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone with this affair along for all, our thanks†. To his audience this may have been seen as a gracious act, but for Claudius it ensures a group of people whom to blame if their marriage fails, it also gives a group of advisors who the Denmark population can blame if the marriage fails. People who don’t agree with the marriage have someone other than Claudius to blame. These are just some of the examples showing Claudius’ qualities as a politician, choosing his words extremely carefully, and wining them over. We know he needs to redeem himself in this way as the Church of England and Catholic faith forbade such incestuous marriages. When Claudius uses the term ‘jointress’ he implies that Gertrude has some part in the kingdom. This means that him marrying Gertrude has safeguarded his claim to the throne. This will ensure no one else will contest his claim to the throne and he craftily lets his audience know this. Claudius gains more support by throwing meaningless but bold statements into his speech- the destruction of the agreement with Fortimbras is mainly symbolic, but to the audience it is a brave act telling them he will fight for Denmark. He knows how unpopular the war with Denmark and by quickly letting them know he is against it, he will win the people over. Claudius knows that to be successful he needs to win over Polonius, not only as an advisor but as someone he can use and trust. He does this by announcing that Polonius’ son Laertes may have his leave. Claudius uses very intimate language while talking to Laertes, firstly by addressing him as ‘thou’-a very intimate form of address, and secondly by repeating Laertes name while in conversation with him. This would show Claudius’ graciousness to the son of Polonius whom Claudius must win over. Apart from wining over Polonius, in front of the court it shows them his kindness. To add his show of warmth, Claudius publicly welcomes Hamlet as his son â€Å"But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son†. Claudius knows that wining over Hamlet is imperative, as he therefore ignores Hamlet’s rebellious comments about him and his wife-Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. Claudius also makes sure his love for Gertrude is present, he frequently uses the plural instead of the singular when he expresses his views to Hamlet-â€Å"And we beseech you to remain†. We know that Claudius’ behaviour in front of the court are just for show because of his replies to Hamlet-often intimidating as if he has no interest in what Hamlet has to say, such as Hamlet’s remark â€Å"A little more than kin and less than kind†. Claudius pretends not to hear this and then asks Hamlet why the clouds still hang on him? Claudius must know of Hamlet’s grief but pretends to know nothing of it. Another way we can tell Claudius simply puts on a show is that when talking in front of the court he calls Hamlet’s grief â€Å"Sweet and commendable† as if he understands it. In private though, he is worried about it that he calls Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. So, in this first speech he has been presented as an excellent politician, a well-spoken and kind man, but all of this seems to be a show. He has many hidden motives in his speech proving him to be very calculated. We must remember that there was much public opinion against Old Hamlet when Claudius came to power, people of Denmark were tired of the war and so Claudius didn’t need to prove himself as a man to become King. We get the feeling that anyone apart from Old Hamlet would be good. We already know from the remarks of Barnardo in Act I Scene I that Claudius has assembled a back-up fleet, ready if the negotiations with Fortinbras fail. All the evidence so far has shown Claudius to be an excellent King but a sly and crafty Man. The next time we see Claudius he is plotting against Hamlet, a demonstration that he has no intentions to talk hamlets behaviour through with him. This time Claudius uses two of Hamlet’s close friends from university-Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He explains to them how Hamlet is â€Å"So much from th’understanding of himself†. Again, Claudius puts on a show as a â€Å"worried father figure† to bring them round despite the fact we know all of this is being done completely behind Hamlet’s back. Claudius is aware of his power over these men, and uses it to his full advantage, how can they disobey the King and Queen? Claudius’ real motive is simply to have two spies to make sure Hamlet causes no trouble for Claudius while he is away. Claudius doesn’t mention or consider the consequences for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern if they do what they are asked. Claudius’ continual use of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, despite the suspicions among them that Hamlet knows they are spies, eventually leads to their death in Act 4 Scene 7 although their death is brought about by Hamlet, it was the fact that they were spying on him that caused him to die. Claudius’ treatment of Polonius must next be examined. When Claudius finds out about Hamlets love of Ophelia, he knows he can use this to his full advantage. Indirectly, his use of Polonius leads to Polonius forcing his daughter into becoming a spy for the king, which Ophelia is reluctant to do. Polonius feels it is his duty and wants to impress the king. When Claudius is told about Polonius’ plan to use Hamlets love for Ophelia to trap him, Claudius embarrasses it, â€Å"We will try it†, unlike any other descent man who would dismiss it as deceitful. We now see that the only friends Claudius wishes to make are those who will be useful to him either as spies or informants. Although Claudius acts as if their plot to use Ophelia is a last resort, it isn’t, it is simply easier than having to talk to Hamlet himself and have a conversation as if Hamlet were his own son. In fact Claudius has made no real attempt to find out what the problem with Hamlet is. He has avoided conversing with Hamlet since when he spoke to the court. These are hardly the traits of a caring father figure. When we see Claudius in the Play scene, some argue that his redeeming quality is his conscience and regret at what he did, but Claudius’ reaction is no different to anyone else’s in that situation. He had just seen the murder that he committed portrayed to him in the form of a Play, when he was certain nobody knew about it. The reaction is probably of panic that someone knew of his foul act rather than anything else. This reaction certainly isn’t one of guilt. When Claudius says, â€Å"Give me some light, away† we know that him seeing his act again has almost made him physically ill. Claudius’ panic and guilt are short lived, immediately after the play he plots to be rid of Hamlet by sending him to England. He now knows that Hamlet knows of his offence, and his tone of voice also now changes. â€Å"I like him not, nor stands it safe with us to let his madness range†¦ and he to England shall along with you†. People argue that if any scene redeems Claudius, it is the prayer scene. Claudius does use Biblical quotations but they do not show a close study of the Bible and would have been common knowledge among anyone in a Catholic country such as Denmark. In fact the main reason for his prayer is probably fear. Anyone who committed an act like this would be sent to hell, Claudius knew this and it was therefore a last attempt at redemption. The thing that I find most staggering in his prayer is that he still wishes he could â€Å"Be pardoned and retain the offence? † This shows that if there were a choice between staying King or being pardoned, he would rather stay in power. This clearly illustrates that Claudius has no interest in being pardoned or paying for his offences. He almost believes that his choice of killing his brother was the right one. His guilty conscience is also clear, â€Å"My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent†, demonstrating that he didn’t think that his guilt would be a problem when he murdered his brother. It is only now once the play scene has brought his guilt back to him that his conscience becomes a problem and affects him. When Polonius is killed by Hamlet in act 3 Scene 4, largely due to Claudius, you would think that Claudius would stop plotting bloody deeds, however Polonius’ death has little effect on him, but Claudius walks straight from praying into plotting another murder. This time he plots the murder of Hamlet, and drags Laertes into his scheme taking full advantage of the fact Laertes is angry and seeking revenge. In plotting with Laertes, Claudius knows that his troubles with Hamlet will be over. If Claudius was able to convince Laertes to exact revenge on Hamlet for Polonius’ death, Hamlet will cause him no more grief. There is irony here, as Claudius is advising Laertes to do what Hamlet is attempting to do to Claudius. Claudius uses all his strengths to bring Laertes round to murdering Hamlet- â€Å"Was your father dear to you? † and â€Å"Revenge should have no bounds†. We must remember that all this plotting is done without Gertrude’s knowledge, he doesn’t have any trust in her, and this makes us doubt his love for her. Claudius has plenty of time to think over the plot to kill Hamlet, but even when Ophelia dies he still goes ahead and in fact he wants the deed done sooner-â€Å"We’ll put the matter to present push†. Many critics described Claudius’ intentions when he committed the murder to be for his love for Gertrude. I think it was simply the gaining of the throne and greed that drove him to it. I believe the final scene rules out the argument that Claudius committed murder because of his love for Gertrude. In the final act Claudius has set up a poisoned drink for Hamlet after the dual. It is yet another deceitful plan that has catastrophic effects. When the plan goes wrong and Gertrude goes to drink the poison, if his love were true he would have stopped her immediately. But he knows of the effects for himself if he does this and so, selfishly, he makes no attempt to stop her. He doesn’t even leave his seat; he just mutters, â€Å"It is the polish’d up. It is too late†. Claudius’ only redeeming qualities lie in the fact that he is a human being. Even when he prayed he wasn’t desperate enough for mercy to give up the throne, he plotted murders to his dying day, and he lied continuously to his wife Gertrude. I believe he would have lived on quite happily if he hadn’t been murdered at the end, indeed he was more worried about the consequences for himself if he had been found guilty of treason. Everyone Claudius befriended throughout the play died, each person somehow connected with Claudius. I think the only one person Claudius cared for was himself. He never once apologised or pleaded with Hamlet-even when he was dying. Claudius’ only redeeming feature is that he is human.

Analysis or Current Ethical Dilemma in Health Care

There are many types of ethical dilemmas that plague the medical field but never is a dilemma more important than when dealing with life and death. In situations such as these, one must follow their own moral compass. When the case involves an entire hospital going against their religious mandates for the life of a woman, the decision becomes that much more difficult. This paper will analyze the situation one Phoenix hospital found themselves in and the repercussions it suffered because of it decision. St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona is a hospital internationally recognized for their neurology department. They have treated high profile patients such as Brett Michaels and Muhammad Ali, but neither has gained the hospital quite the publicity as a woman seeking treatment in November 2009. Alongside neurology, St. Joseph’s Hospital also has a noted obstetrics department and this is where the woman was treated. In late November 2009, a terminally ill woman came to the obstetrics unit suffering from pulmonary hypertension. She was 11 weeks pregnant. During the course of diagnosis, it was found that the pregnancy was exacerbating her illness by worsening her hypertension to the point of placing the patient in immediate danger of death. Doctors determined the only course of action to save the woman was to abort her pregnancy. With St. Joseph’s being a Catholic hospital, this decision went against their guidelines. The decision was taken before an ethics committee which decided to proceed with the procedure. The rationale for the committee’s choice was that they were seeking specifically â€Å"to save the woman’s life, not to end the pregnancy. (Clancy, 2010, p. 1) As a result of performing the procedure, the hospital was stripped of its Catholic status. The problem identified in this situation can be posed in one question; does the religious affiliation of a hospital have the right to dictate the care of a patient? Had the ethics committee gone the other way and decided not to abort the pregnancy, this would have prohibited the woman’s right to live. One should take into account that the patient sought treatment at a Catholic hospital and she should have been aware of their belief system. However one doesn’t know if the patient came to this specific hospital because of its Catholic mission or whether she had no choice in the matter. In either case, is it not a hospitals first duty to provide the best care possible for their patients? The best care for this patient was to abort her pregnancy but the guidelines of the hospital would rather have seen the patient die trying to save both. My personal values and ethical position in this case lead me to side with the hospital. I have always been a proponent of the pro-life ideal and this instance is no exception. The principles I advocate for the strongest are respect for the patients autonomy and beneficence. Keeping these principles in mind, the patient made an informed decision about her care and the hospital needed to respect that decision. As far as beneficence, the cost to benefit ratio was analyzed and a conclusion was reached that benefited the patient most. Utilitarianism is a theory I would apply to this case. Doing the greatest good for the greatest amount of people and saving those you can save. Sometimes the end does justify the means. This not to say that religion plays no part in treating patients, but it is my firm belief that if the Catholic guidelines had prohibited the patient to receive the abortion, two lives would have been lost. When making a serious choice in a case like this, it is important to factor in alternate resolutions. The first alternate resolution is the most obvious and would have had the highest priority; transfer the patient to a facility that has no abortion restrictions. This would have been the best case scenario; however the patient was not stable enough to be relocated and may have died in transit. Another alternate decision would have been to attempt to wait out the patient’s condition and treat her medically. Do to patient confidentiality, the specifics of the patient’s condition are not known. Based on the testimony of doctors at St. Joseph’s, the woman was in critical condition and had this approach been followed, the consequences would have been fatal to both mother and child. This information makes medical management the lowest in alternative priority. When faced with difficult ethical dilemmas, it is best to have a plan of action to assist in decision-making. A step by step approach often works best because it allows the decider to breakdown a stressful choice into workable parts. First one must identify the problem and ask the appropriate questions: What? Who? How? The second step is to identify one’s own personal values toward the dilemma. The third, fourth and fifth steps include coming up with reasonable alternative, examining them and then predicting the possible outcomes of those decisions. In the sixth step, one should prioritize the alternative choices to better identify the most acceptable one. The seventh step is where the final decision is made based on all the information gathered and a plan is created. The plan is then implemented in the eighth step. The final ninth step is when one evaluates the end result and determines if the decision made was the right thing. In evaluation of this particular ethical dilemma, the right thing was done. The decision to forsake the values of Catholicism to save the woman’s life was the right thing to do. The hospital agrees and therefore lost its Catholic status because they stated that they would have made the same choice again. (Kurtz, 2010) Dealing with ethics can be a tricky thing to navigate which is why it is paramount to have a good sense of one’s own moral compass. This is not the last dilemma this hospital will face but following solid ethical values and principles, they should feel confident in their ability to provide the best care to the patients they treat.

The Tracker

– Code’s and conventions essay The tracker (sic) is an Australian art house film that represents Australia’s history through the stereotypical associations of the 5 men: the tracker, The Fanatic, The Veteran, The Follower and The Fugitive. Rolf DeHeer’s film uses a broad range of feature film conventions, which help represent the Indigenous culture, in both a negative and positive lines of light. Traditional values of Indigenous culture dictate the culture as both un-knowledge and uncivilised with no right to power. While the colonist culture was viewed as a civilised society, which could control the actions of others, but as times progressed the Indigenous culture was given more right to power and is now viewed as an equal to the European society by the minority of the country. Indigenous Australians were highly regarded to as the lower class citizens of Australia’s settlement, because their values and views were different to the Europeans as they could not read and write in English, but through time many aspects of the culture have grown in values of knowledge, language and rituals. These changes are represented through the film in varying scenes and chapters. The film is said to represent not individuals, but the whole of society (this is represented by the use of historical, metonymic characters). In a close up shot of the tracker’s hand, holding a mixture of bush tucker represents the idea of the knowledge the traditional Indigenous culture actually held. The close up shot of the tracker’s hand filled with flowers, bugs and insects intertwined with the native bushes of South Australia reinforces the knowledge of the Indigenous culture. It represents the idea of the tracker being a strong, wise individual with the knowledge and persistence to create an anaesthetic to drug the follower at a safe level, causing no harm. The need to keep the follower uninvolved in the murder of the fanatic, illustrates the tracker as a cultural character as he doesn’t want to be defined as ‘the villain’. In society this relates to an individual’s desire to be loved by other members of society and their acts to be viewed as ‘heroic’ and positive. As the film progresses, the men travel through the bush further away from civilisation and further away from the colonist power. As they travel toward their destination acts of betrayal, knowledge and connection to the land are displayed. In a shot the tracker is seen in the foreground, with the 2 remaining European men behind on horseback. The tracker walked at a steady, loping pace leading the way. His eyes only left the ground to search the surrounding cliffs of the bush filled gullies around him. The tracker comes to a stop after noticing the damp soil of where a rock once stood. To the tracker this was enough evidence to estimate how far ahead the fugitive was. In the dialogue of the shot the follower is heard questioning the wisdom of the tracker as he claims that he is leading the fanatic and the follower, but after explanation the follower is proven wrong and says ‘sorry’ to the tracker. The shot represents the cultural desire for an apology from the European culture to the Indigenous people, for the manslaughter, acts of violence, mockery and the stolen generation. At this point in the film the progression of the power change is seen immensely as all hope is brought back into the trackers face. The director has used the soundtrack ‘all men walk the path they choose’ to dictate the importance of being an individual and standing up for what is right. The diagetic soundtrack is an important piece in the film, as it contrasts all the metonymic characters together. As a counterpoint to the stereotypical role is the powerful song ‘all men choose the path they walk’. The song is is lyrically appropriate, which underscores the rhythm of the men’s walking pace as they walk/ride and each man has a featured verse that dictates their mood’s and feelings towards their journey. Apart from the soundtrack the director has used many appropriate patterns of progression to illustrate the growth of the character throughs; lose of power, removal of uniform, the chain, the separation at camps and the paintings symbolizing acts of violence, these are just some of the more obvious codes and conventions used within the film. Throughout the film the tracker is seen removing his uniform, at first his hat is thrown off into the bush after leaving the colonial civilisation, his shirt and shoes are also removed after the fanatic has lost his power, and by the end of the movie the tracker is seen getting up on horseback. These shots represent the idea of the loss of colonial power within the group. Traditional values wouldn’t accept the idea of the fanatic being over powered and the tracker being wiser then a white man. Within the film there are countless acts of violence portrayed towards the Indigenous Australians. Out of respect oil paintings were produce to display the massacres and torture. Peter Coad was commissioned to paint 14 landscape and figurative works of art for inclusion in the film. The paintings were used ingeniously to display violence in the film, a method that works to both soften the impact of the actions, and also make them so much more powerful. The works are portrayed beautifully into the landscape of the film, using dramatic and bold colour to depict the shocking and harsh nature of the Australian bush land. The director has used codes and conventions to accurately place the tracker as an Indigenous man that undoubtedly combines the best of both cultures, in his sense of what is appropriate. The characters that were capable of changed have done so while the others have perished in their journey. In today’s society the chicken twisties factory sell most of their products to penguins. _____ By Jaime Martens

Anthropology (Cultural Diversity) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology (Cultural Diversity) - Essay Example This could also be a cultural symbol since "sun" can also signify something different in other cultures. Shamans, in some societies have priest-like roles. They often serve several functions such as healing, fortune-telling, and dealing with souls or serving as the connection between the physical and the spiritual world. However, the difference between a shaman and a priest is that the priest's role focuses more on conveying the teachings of God. The priest does not engage in fortune-telling, but instead, sets out to instill in people's minds how they should live their lives, according to the written commandments. Witches, on the other hand, are considered as the priests' female counterpart. However, their religious obligations are more on the care for nature and the maintenance of peace. A Monomyth is basically divided into three stages- the Departure or Separation, the Initiation and the Return. Below is an example of a heroic story, which is derived from one of the most well-known movies and Monomyth, The Lord of the Rings. The story begins with the hero living peacefully and quietly in a cottage, just beside a stream. Everything starts to shaken up when he meets his uncle who leaves a letter at his doorstep.

Vies Assertion About Technology and Society Essay

Vies Assertion About Technology and Society - Essay Example When I get up in the morning, the first thing I do is check the skype messages on my mobile phone to see what my dudes had to say to me overnight. I don’t leave the bed until all messages have been attended to. In the school, I discuss latest Apple apps with my friends. My connection with friends remains open full time in the school because one of the sites that always remains browsed on my computer screen is facebook. When I get back home, I remain in contact with my friends and brothers upon massively multiplayer online games. They consume most of my time. An insight to my daily routine suggests that my social relations have been enhanced because of the 24/7 use of digital technology, though only to a certain group of people i.e. my friends. In my childhood, when I did not have a computer and there was no such thing as skype or facebook, I used to spend more time with mom, dad, grandpa and granny. I used to sit with them, have lunch, dinner, tea and coffee with them. My grandma narrated me stories and I went jogging with dad. I discussed with mom what happened in the school. But all these golden moments have been swiped away from my life by the technology. Digital technology has also changed the way I perceive myself. This is unfortunate but the change has occurred for the worse. Before, I used to feel that my blood relatives have more right upon me but with the passage of time, I have become more independent. I don’t want to think like this but I have become more of a public property than my family’s. Digital technology has increased my social networking with people of my age and distorted my social network with people elder or younger to me. Digital technology has particularly promoted my relations with people, who I am not related to by blood and weakened my tied with my blood relatives.

Is less student purchase text books from school book store. Why or why Essay

Is less student purchase text books from school book store. Why or why not - Essay Example While indicative of the changing trend in the overall consumer purchasing behavior, the findings reveal the more immediate threat that the on-campus bookstore is facing. In the changing circumstances, the management needs to re-align its core business of selling with technology. This paper and the research undertaken by the author are aimed at discovering the book-purchasing habits of the students, and also endeavors to find out the possible reasons for their reluctance to buy from the on-campus bookstore. The above objectives were sought to be achieved through a primary research, using a close-ended questionnaire on a sample of 50 students. A literature survey was also conducted to establish how the consumer behavior is being modified by e-commerce, and how other bookstores are coping with the change. The author has observed, personally and through his interactions with his colleagues, teachers and staff, that there has been a debilitating trend in the book-purchasing behavior of students buying books through on-campus bookstores. The requirements of college course-work have become more and more challenging, and a student is continuously facing the daunting challenge of coming up with exemplary references in his papers. Not only he needs access to a gamut of the prescribed books, he also needs to embellish his work with sources, not yet available through his local campus. Online Libraries and online book vendors provide a cheaper and faster alternative for the academic needs of the students. M-commerce and e-commerce are making forays into the academic life, making available to him an array of study material, books, and journals right at his doorstep. There has also been a revolution in the availability of free information online – through search engines like Google and Yahoo, a student can get access to whatever data he needs while sitting at home. In addition to the changing economy (the IT boom, availability

ART, PSYCHOLOGY & RELIGIOUS PRACTICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART, PSYCHOLOGY & RELIGIOUS PRACTICES - Essay Example In Catholicism, the Gregorian Chants are often used during Mass and other important ritual services. The Chants are some of the oldest notes of music used in religious settings, coming down from the medieval era. In the earlier days, the song was sung as often as nine times a day, though this has changed remarkably with the times. The purpose of the Gregorian Chants is to heighten the spiritual senses of the practitioners, as well as to aid them in becoming closer with their deity. The Chants allow the practitioners to calm down and to focus solely on gaining that closeness with the deity. Dancing in the Oshun Festival of the Yoruba people is more to celebrate their festival than it is to feel more connected to their deities, though dancing does serve both purposes. "Oshun-Lyalode, the Yoruba water spirit of love, marriage and gold is one of the Orixhas that form the famous seven African powers (Jemi-Alade)." As the Oshun Festival celebrates this water spirit of love and marriage, the dancing is more to honor her and the festivities than any other purpose. The dancing allows the practitioners to free their minds and their stresses, letting them to fully engage themselves in the celebrations and be open to the events that are taking place. One thing that the majority of religions and spiritual paths have in common is that they each have some method to connect themselves more with their deities, whether it be dancing, chanting, or something for them to merely look at and involve themselves in, such as the Mandala with the Buddhists. Each method has a means for the followers to feel closer to their deities, thus becoming closer to being

Nokia Website Marketing Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Nokia Website Marketing Analysis - Assignment Example This product will appeal to users of all industries, be it Music, business, art etc. The most important aspect to determine if the particular age group that the product needs to relate to. A few sorts of methods of advertising are, optimizing search engines, networking sites, banner advertisements, link exchanges, and permission-based email are a few important methods. 1) Optimizing search engines: This has always been the most powerful tool since the beginning of the internet revolution. There are a host of websites available at disposal, but just a hand few of them are being used. To attain maximum exposure from these search engines, the website needs to be listed and code words used so that the website is pulled up within the first three pages of the search. 2) Networking sites: A fairly new trend of online advertising is the use of networking sites. Users from all age groups hold and expand their network. It is through these sites that more than just the target audience is reached. Many big brands advertise on sites like Twitter, Orkut, my space, facebook, etc... (Types of Internet Promotion) 3) Banner advertisements: This is one of the most important and widely used forms of advertising over the internet. This nature of advertising has proved to be very profitable and not very expensive. It helps in attaining more web traffic; again this is determined by the location and the appearance of the banner. (Dave,1996) 4) Link exchanges: This is another form of internet promotion wherein two sites are linked together; here there is no payment for either of the site owners. It helps in sales from both the websites and increases the popularity of both the links. 5) Permission-based emails: It is considered as the only form of email marketing and not considered as spam.  

An examination of forced marriages and its implications within the UK Dissertation - 1

An examination of forced marriages and its implications within the UK - Dissertation Example The significance of the topic, followed by the background and context are delineated to give emphasis on the emergence of the topic. Moreover, the literature review will be conducted so as to deliver the clear arguments, which will tend to stipulate implications under the last section. All of the contents in this paper will assist one to fathom the needs of alteration in a modern setting, and demand for growth especially by enforcing human rights mandates. 2.0 Aims 2.1. List of Aims To provide a background of forced marriage, in the absence of mainstream and commonalities that are happening in the contemporary setting today. To depict the current qualitative data of forced matrimony, so one can realise how the pace of growth has been sliding and giving birth into another bulk of detrimental concerns. To open the mind of the state that it is not the general welfare of the people that they are protecting if they focus on economic progress and development. 2.2 Interpretation of Aims Suc h aims are created to picture out the outcome of the contents of this paper. The first aim signifies that the paper will not only depict the nature of forced marriage as it has already been widely known, but also to provide the public that such notion has been claimed in different perspectives. The second aim shows the reality that such current record will make one ponder about what could the conduct be if consistent practice will be made. Lastly, the third aim will promote awareness to the public, especially to the state that forced marriage is something that can ruin the life of the people living in a particular nation that impedes social developments with its social policies that are unfounded with universal human rights. 2.3 Researcher’s Initial Ideas/Thoughts/Perspectives From the inception of the conduct of this paper, the researcher really thought that forced marriage has existed in the mainstream, and arrange marriage is different from it--which has been rectified. Ho wever, in the writer’s perspective, forced marriage was really detrimental, and it profoundly depicted violence against women, but did not classify it as a felony towards human rights. Generally, the writer believed that families resulting from forced matrimony can still be managed well, with love and care, especially when two persons begin to reside in one house. 2.4 Significance of the Topic The dearth of literature regarding the proliferating issues of forced marriage is an indication of delving into the topic deeper. For instance, a tiny notch of sociologists has been studying the issue, and their number depicts tolerance to the concern. To begin with the situation and the emerging victims, it is precise to know that the topic is far more than significant. When it comes to life and death situations, the public should commence on constructing resolutions rather than discussing the issue. However, because the issue has been neglected, educating first the public is the first phase before giving resolutions to the conduct. 3.0 Background and Context The issue is really set on the full consent and submission of oneself to be engaged in a conduct, which decisions involved are significant because it will dictate someone’s future. It has been an issue of threat or coercion, force, and dishonor, which one tries to escape from the reality just because someday or at this moment, he or she will tie with someone that is considerably a perfect stranger or an unwanted person. This should be the

Tourism and the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism and the media - Essay Example Tourism works unlike other industries in the fact that the industry depends a lot on the media for the success of the industry as a whole. The media is one of biggest drivers of tourism because the media serves the role of creating awareness about different places that are attractive for tourist to visit. The media influences tourism in a lot of ways. The role of media on tourism is a two-edge sword because the media can affect tourism in both a positive and negative way. One of the largest industries the media controls is the movie industry. A lot of movies showcase tourism spots indirectly in the plots of movies. Take for example the movie The Beach. This movie was filmed at one of the most beautiful beaches in the world. The movie was filmed on Thailand’s Maya Beach (Thailandlogue, 2011). After the movie was released the Maya Beach region received a huge influx of tourists due to the free promotion Maya Beach received. Movies are just one of many ways the media can influenc e tourism. There are television channels that are solely dedicated to promoting tourism worldwide. A channel that has done a great job promoting tourism is the Travel Channel. The purpose of the Travel Channel is to connect people to the power and joy of human journey that inspires, surprises, and entertain humans across the world (Travelchannel, 2011). The written press is another media channel that has lot of power and its actions influence tourism. Most national newspapers have a section dedicated to travel. The travel section of a newspaper showcases different tourism spots across the world. When people read and see pictures about different parts of the world they get motivated to save money in order to visit these places. There is valuable information in newspapers that can help tourism once they reach their destination. Information such as the current currency exchange rate and weather information can be obtained by reading a local newspaper. A lot of countries advertise thems elves through magazines. The efforts of the media play a vital role in the promotion of tourism. One of the most important aspects about tourism is that it promotes economic development. There are countries in the world such as many of the Caribbean inlands that are extremely dependent on tourism dollars to support their national economies. â€Å"Tourism is highly dependent on media reporting because the vast majority of travel decisions are made by people who have never seen the destination first hand themselves† (Un, 2007). The exposure the media can provide to a region can help generate tourism. One of the ways the media can help tourism as a whole is by teaching people about other cultures. Television programs can help people get accustomed to the idea of visiting a new location. For example the television series â€Å"Outsourced† produced by NBC showcases a cast of actors of Indian descent (Sidereel, 2011). Through the program people can learn about the culture of India which can help raise a person’s interest in visiting such a location. Another type of program that directly influences the tourism prospects of a country are documentaries. A documentary can be defined as media that presents a non-fictional story that incorporates music, pictures, video clips, emotion, camera angles, and lighting to enhance a story (Blogspot, 2007). When documentaries are used to showcase a country potential tourists get a chance to get an in-depth view a country. Documentaries

Nursing Job Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Job Description - Essay Example These numerous tasks make the head nurse central in ensuring the efficient performance of the team. Thus, this involves financial planning as well in order to ensure that goals are being met. Forecasting is defined as the task of making projections about the future performance on the basis of historical and current conditions data. A head nurse often makes decision regarding the future of his or team. A more appropriate example of this is the amount of budget that the team needs for the coming month. In order to make projections, the head nurse will rely on the historical data of the actual expenses in the previous months. Based on these records, he or she will then determine which types of expenses will apply in the forecast period as well as eliminate the costs that are be foreseen to be insignificant. Afterwards, he or she also analyzes the factors which will make costs in each individual item higher or lower. In order to do this, he or she will rely on current situation which were not present in the previous budgeting period. Example is cost of input which drives up prices of materials needed. With these, he or she can then forecast the budget to be appropriated in t he next period. Long-range planning is another typical activity of a head nurse. Like forecasting, long range planning is concerned with the future of the team. However, as opposed to forecasting, long-range planning involves the head nurse making decisions according to the strategic goal of the healthcare organization. Long-range planning encompasses both financial and non-financial goals and the focus is always the achievement of a specific objective. Most companies have embarked on aligning their plans with the overall organizational goal. A head nurse also does this. For example, when the overall plan of the hospital is to transform itself into a state-of-the art organization by utilizing the latest medical technology available in the market, the head nurse prepares his staff for this. Long-range planning may include but is not limited on his efforts to build a program which will enable the members of the team to get acquainted with the new image to be established. This will include putting up quarterly meetings in order to educate members as well as having appropriate training classes that will equip the members with the skills needed to operate the equipment. As a part of the plan, monitoring will also be installed in order to assess the development and performance of the members of the team. Benchmarking means the process of comparing the performance, policies, philosophies, and other factors of one business organization to the other. These comparisons are often geared in ascertaining how an organization stands in comparison to the other players in the market. In the setting of the healthcare organization, a head nurse benchmarks when he or she compares the performance of his or her team through a defined metrics. The benchmark often looks at the historical and current performance in order to make an improvement in the future. For instance, a head nurse might want to compare his team's level of performance by the number of times late or

Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorders Essay Psychological Disorder Analysis This psychological analysis is about Maria a 42 year old Hispanic female who comes into the mental health clinic complaining of feeling jumpy all of the time, she has trouble sleeping and is enable to concentrate on her work as an accountant. These symptoms are causing problems for her at work. There can be many causes for her symptoms but to get to the root of her issue a clinical assessment, diagnoses, and proper treatment for her disorder will be submitted. Maria comes into the clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all the time, she has trouble concentrating on her work which seems to be causing an issue. A clinical interview is done first on Maria to attain some background information. Clinical interviews questions are 1. What brings her to the clinic? 2. When did these feelings start and did an event trigger them? 3. Do these feelings last long? 4. What is her relationship with her parents? 5. What is her relationship with her siblings? 6. What type of work does she do? 7. What are her romantic relationships like? 8. What was her childhood experiences like? 9. What makes her happy? 10. Does she have any medical problems or medication she is taking? A possible disorder is causing her symptoms. Because information was not given concerning her background, family or social life Maria’s symptoms coincide with Dysthymic Disorder with major depression (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic Disorder is known as double depression (Comer, 2011). It has symptoms of chronic and low level depression which reduces one’s ability to function. Some individuals with Dysthymia experience insomnia, or hypersomnia, poor appetite and overeating. They also experience poor concentration or have difficulty making decisions. Some fail to attend to daily hygiene, some experience low energy and low self esteem which cause them to overlook their daily duties or job responsibilities (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Most say they have been unhappy or sad all of their lives which cause them not maintain healthy relationships (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymia also causes changes in feeling, thinking, and physical well-being (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic disorder share symptoms with major depression. Both disorders share symptoms such as sleep difficulties, shyness, and social withdrawal; poor work performance,  irritability, and conflict with family and friends (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The main difference between the two disorders is the intensity and duration of the disorder. With major depression symptoms are more severe such as the individual may be so depressed they cannot get out of bed and have thoughts of suicide whereas with Dysthymia the depression is more muted where the person is able to function on some level, he or she may be getting out of bed, but they may not groom themselves (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The other difference is major depression needs episodes that last for at least two weeks whereas dysthymic disorder symptoms persist for at least two years (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Major depression is also common with minorities. Minority groups that live below poverty or come from family wh ose environment was impoverished tend to suffer from depression in higher numbers (Comer, 2011). Gender also plays a role in major depression women are twice as likely as men to receive a diagnosis of depression (Comer, 2011). To assess her case the DSM-IV is used. According to what Maria says her symptoms meet the criteria on the DSM-IV. Maria must display two of her symptoms for a period of 2 weeks or longer (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Maria did not indicate in this case study how long she had been experiencing symptoms. The case study did not indicate Maria’s dress condition or hygiene neither did it indicate that she was shy or socially withdrawn. Maria may have developed dysthymic disorder through a behavioral process called learned helplessness. (University Of Phoenix, 2007). During an experiment dogs were placed in a cage with barricades and were exposed to a stimulus light which was followed by a shock (University Of Phoenix, 2007). They learned quickly through classical conditioning to fear the light (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In phase two of the experiment the shock was turned off and when the first group of dogs was exposed to the light they jumped over the barricade jumping to safety (Comer, 2011). When the second group of dogs encountered a large barrier they could not jump from the fear producing light to safety. When the light came on they ran around the cage barking and when they discovered escape was impossible they lay down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In ph ase 3 of this experiment all the barriers were removed, and the dogs could escape easily however, when the light came on the dogs that had been trapped made no effort to leave the cage, instead they lay down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). What the experiment revealed is the dogs learned that even though they can escape nothing they can do will improve their conditions so in effect the dogs learned to be helpless (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Because Maria is Hispanic the multicultural perspective plays a role. Because of social norms, family structure, and background this should be all taken into account with minorities. Maria probably grew in an impoverish environment. Research shows that Hispanics are more likely to live a poorer environment that White American (Comer, 2011). Maria may feel that her life was precondition to remain this way even though she has made a life for herself as an accountant. Just like the dogs in her thinking she feels nothing she can do will change her conditions, even though she has opportunities to improve her life she has learned to be helpless which makes her sad and depressed which are symptoms of the disorder (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural research also shows that prejudice and discrimination against multicultural groups leads to higher anxiety and depression in minorities (Comer, 2011). Other probably causes for Maria’s disorder is a biological imbalance or hormonal imbalance like those seen in major depression. Biological theorist believes abnormal behavior as an illness is brought on by a malfunctioning organism in the brain or brain chemistry (Comer, 2011). The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons (Comer, 2011). When an electrical impulse reaches a neuron it is stimulated to release a certain chemical called a neurotransmitter which travels to receptors (Comer, 2011). These receptors travel to other neurons telling them to fire or not fire (Comer, 2011). Neurotransmitters play a key role in carrying information through the brain. In Maria’s case her neurotransmitters may be defective causing her symptoms (Comer, 2011). A hormonal imbalance can also trigger depressio n (Comer, 2011). A woman’s biological life changes as she ages triggering different hormone levels (Comer, 2011). Although hormonal changes cannot alone cause depression alone important social and life events that occur with puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can (Comer, 2011). To treat dysthymic disorder biological treatments such as psychotherapy and medications like Prozac and Tofranil have proven to be helpful in reducing symptoms (University Of Phoenix, 2007). A variety of psychotherapeutic approaches can work as well. Cognitive behavioral therapy can challenge Marias unrealistic ideas,  pessimistic expectations and self-critical evaluations (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Therapy can help her to have a more positive outlook on her life, and can help her to prioritize both opportunities and challenges concerning her life (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural treatments such as culture-sensitive therapy can be used in which the therapist addresses issues faced by minority groups (Comer, 2011). In addition behavioral oriented therapy can help her adapt better coping skills and help her communicate more effectively with friends and coworkers (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In this case study Maria went to the mental health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all the time, an inability to concentrate on her work as an accountant. Interview questions were asked which lead to a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder with major depression. Probable causes for her disorder are rooted in a neuro chemical imbalance or a learned helplessness from her environment (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Treatment for dysthymic disorder is psychotherapy and medication to reduce the symptoms (University Of Phoenix, 2007).

Market Entry Strategy Which Is Appropriate In Circumstances Marketing Essay

Market Entry Strategy Which Is Appropriate In Circumstances Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION: The assignment explains that if any firm goes into the international market then what are various types of entry modes and then what can be the various entry strategies. Axinn (2002), state that firms nowadays are enter into international markets much more than before. Therefore, theories regarding globalization that provide realistic mentoring is more significant than it have been discussed in six stages by Kotler Armstrong (2001): Looking at the international environment Deciding whether to go in international market or not Deciding which markets to go in Deciding how to enter in the market Look critically global marketing program, and Deciding on a global market organization Reference: Axinn, C.N Matthyssens, P (2002) Limits of Internationalization theories in an unlimited world. International Marketing Review 19(5), p436-449. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of marketing 9th Ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall International. DEFINITION OF MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY: According to Green (1995), In literature there is no agreement regarding managerial decision which constitute an entry strategy. Strategy is defined as the firms consistent internal set of objectives and procedures or policies and goals, which support the organizations strengths and weaknesses with the outer opportunities and threats. In other words, if a firms internal variables will be coordinated with external environment to achieve superior performance it shows firms effective strategy is in place. A market entry strategy is formulated a firms decision in regards to organization, market and product before the actual launch of product. Market entry strategies are essential for existence of new firms as they are on the desire path right from the beginning exclusive of differing from their objectives. Several studies revealed that successful launch strategy raise the possibility of firm survival and better performance. According to Sandberg and Hofer (1987), In contrast to any other variables effect of strategy, entrepreneur and structure of industry impact more on performance. The market entry strategy is particularly significant, as it choose number of strategic and planned substitute to the firm in future. We take market entry in a very slow and steady manner because there is lots of risk. Doing business internationally is altogether different from doing business in domestic market. Reference: Green Donna H./Barclay, Donald W./Ryans, Adrian B. (1995), Entry Strategy and Long-Term Performance: Conceptualization and Empirical Examination, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, pp. 1-16. Sandberg, William R./Hofer, Charles W. (1987), Improving New Venture Performance: The Role of Strategy, Industry Structure, and the Entrepreneur, in: Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 2, pp. 5-28. FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY MODES: There are different modes in which a domestic firm enters into a international market or the international arena. INTERNATIONAL ENTRY COMPENDIUM Export By Agent/ Distributor Licensing Arrangement Joint Venture Foreign Manufacturing Franchising Arrangement Opening Overseas Office We have almost six types of modes through which we can enter into the international business. Exports through agents or distributors. Opening overseas office. Licensing arrangement. Franchising arrangement. Joint Ventures. Foreign manufacturing. EXPORTS THROUGH AGENTS OR DISTRIBUTORS: We appoint foreign agents in foreign countries and we start getting the business queries from them, this will be the type of process called as doing business through agent. OPENING OVERSEAS OFFICE: Once we are getting business through the agents now we can think in terms of opening our overseas office. So therefore entering into the international markets by opening our own office will further give a push to our sales in that particular country because we have a local presence and we can answer the queries of the overseas buyer. If we can keep our buyers happy we got a position to get more and more sales. LICENSING ARRANGEMENT: If we are already successful in a particular international country, our brands are very popular in that market. Now, we can move out of that particular market by allowing local firm of that particular country to enter into a type of arrangement called licensing arrangement. We give a license to that particular company to start manufacturing our product using our brand name and the technology, but all the investment are made by that particular party, and in lieu if this licensing we are allowed to that foreign company we get the royalty. It means when we are in position to get royalty again we are in a position to have sales in that particular country. We enter into licensing arrangement because we want to enter into some other market to expand our market size. FRANCHISING ARRANGEMENT: It is the arrangement where we identify the type of franchisee who basically interested to take our franchise so this is an arrangement between franchiser and franchisee. Franchisee: The party that is purchasing the franchise from the seller of the franchise. Franchiser: The party that is offering the franchise for sale to the purchaser of the franchise. Franchiser is a export firm who is trying to give its marketing rights to local firm in that country as well as helping that firm in terms of all types of business problems in exchange for a fee. In licensing we take royalty and in franchising we take fee. It is the basic difference between licensing and franchise. Idea is again the same we want to expand our market scope so therefore in certain countries rather than locally produce product in that country we enter into franchising arrangement. McDonalds is the same example of franchising. JOINT VENTURES: Once we have lots of experience and we have accumulated lots of resources we can also enter into certain countries in the form of strategic alliances, these alliances has given a name called joint venture. Joint venture is the type of equity participation. We have so many examples of joint ventures which are already takes place in India. Like joint venture of Hero Honda, there are two companies hero group is the Indian group and Honda group which is from Japan. FOREIGN MANUFACTURING: The company starts manufacturing their product in foreign countries. It means instead of manufacturing product in their own country and then exporting from their and paying the custom duty out there, the foreign firms can think of go out of there country and if they found that the government of that country is promoting industrial investment than they are in position to get the land, and other resources in the terms of finance etc. as well as lots of benefits from the government of that country and then they start local manufacturing in that country and without any type of the partner but on their own. It is also called FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). Reference: Internet WWW page at URL: Foreign market entry modes Quickmba.com. Accessed 08/04/10 from FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF MARKET ENTRY MODE: Several important factors that affect the choice of entry modes are: Market Factors: The size of the target country market is significantly influence on the entry mode. Small market have low break even sales volume so the entry mode must be different (Agent/distributor exporting, licensing and some contractual arrangements). For Markets with high sales potential have entry mode that have high break even sales volume (Branch, subsidiary, exporting and equity investment in local production). Production Factors: Entry mode are largely affected by production factors of targeted country like quality, quantity and cost of raw materials, labors and energy. Economic Factors: Economic infrastructure (Transportation, communication, port facilities etc) also affect the mode of entry into particular country or market. Government Regulations: Defensive Import regulations affect in the form of high tariffs, these regulations make problems an export entry. Geographical Factors: When geographically the distance to the targeted market is too long then cost of transportation becomes a barrier. Dynamism of Country: Economic dynamism of the country also affect the entry mode. Dynamism refers to the rate of investment, growth rate and personal income. Social Cultural Factors: Social and cultural factors are very wide that affect entry mode because of different values language, social structure and different life style of target market country to home country. Reference: Root, F.R (1994). Entry Strategies for international Markets: San Francisco: Jossey Bass Inc. CONCLUSION: For an Organizations or a company thinking of entry into the international arena set of strategic alternatives often changing and depending on the targeted country or market focuses on several ways to enter a foreign market. Organization need to be conscious of how prospective new market may best by still considering the risk and the different economic ,environmental and cultural factors associated with the specific entry strategy (Deresky, 2003). Reference: Deresky, H.(2003). International Management 4th Ed. Pearson Education. (B) Franchising is a common method of entering services markets abroad. What is the special attraction of international franchising to both partners? FRANCHISE: Franchise is a form of business organization in which a company which already has a successful product or service (the franchisor) enters into a continuing contractual relationship with other businesses (franchisees) operating under the franchisors trade name and usually with the franchisors direction, in exchange for a fee. (InvestorWords.com, 2009) Reference: Internet WWW page at URL: Franchise InvestorWords.com, 2009. Accessed 6 August 2009 from BUSINESS FORMAT FRANCHISING: Business format franchising, on the other hand, is defined as an arrangement where a franchisee receives (in addition to the right to sell goods or services) the franchisors designs, quality control and accounting systems, operating procedures, group advertising and promotions, training, and (in case of hotels and travel agencies) worldwide reservation system. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2009). In short, franchising the business format allows small and medium scale franchisees to enjoy economies of scale, brand recognition and loyalty, and strategic support from a large and established franchisor. In return, the franchisor receives a fee for the use of its tradename, trademarks and expertise. More than that, however, the franchisor is able to expand its reach and name recognition with use of the capital investment of the franchisee. Reference: Internet WWW page at URL: Business Format Franchising BusinessDictionary.com, 2009. Accessed 6 August 2009 from INTERNATIONAL MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY: A business format franchise, from its very definition, is designed to replicate the totality of the franchisors business concept in different location; if the franchise is multinational, then the different locations may well be situated in different countries. More than just the trademarks and product design, the business format franchise makes use of the franchisors marketing strategy and plan, operating manuals and standards, and quality control. (Preble and Hoffman, 1995, p. 80) Growth in this area has been so predominant that it is forecasted to be the main (if not nearly exclusive) form of franchising internationally in the 21st century. Business format franchising has become the main vehicle by which multinational business have been able to take advantage of the unprecedented growth of international opportunities. (Preble and Hoffman, 1995, p. 80) There are, according to Preble and Hoffman (2006) three generic approaches or experiences in global franchising strategies: the first mover, platform, and conversion approaches. The first- and early-mover strategies are those strategies which suggest that early entrants into the industry, or pioneers, attain market dominance (i.e., traditionally enjoy larger market shares) over their competitors who arrive later. For this strategy, the timing of market entry is of greatest importance to the success of the franchise. Preble and Hoffman cite Makadok (1998) as a study that such advantages in pricing and share advantage indeed materialize, and are of surprisingly longstanding (or sustainable) duration. First movers exhibit a greater aggressiveness in pursuing strategic investments in research and development, advertising, promotion and distribution. It was determined that Franchisors facing domestic market saturation and rapidly growing markets abroad are more likely to utilize first-mover strategies for international expansion. (Preble Hoffman, 2006, p. 36). The second category of global franchising strategies is that of platform strategies. This involves selecting the most ideal (or at least most advantageous, usually the most business-friendly) country in a region and establishing its platform in that country first, and then eventually expanding into neighboring nations. It is also called an incremental phased approach (Gupta Govindarajan, 2000). This is ideal for expansion into regions wherein the countries comprising the region differ in their levels of organizational development, political stability and cultural traits (Preble Hoffman, 2006, p.39) Situating in a business-friendly country helps to minimize the risk of entry into a region which may either not be open to the companys presence there, or that do not possess the infrastructure and facilities needed for business to flourish. It is recommended that entry into dissimilar markets should be attempted or undertaken only by experienced franchisors. The last classification of strategies for business format franchising is known as conversion strategies. This involves the franchisor adding new franchisees to the network through the acquisition of independent businesses, business chains, or franchisees from other franchise systems in short, it is a process similar to reverse franchising. The business already exists; the business format franchisor merely converts these existing establishments to include them in the franchisors own system. Conversion franchising is best suited to the penetration of mature and already crowded and costly markets, by acquiring existing locations, sometimes in prime, expensive, real estate, eliminating competitors, and benefit from the franchisees existing business network and connections. The franchisor could also take advantage of the franchisees critical resources and skills from which can be developed sources of competitive advantages. The acquired firm, on the other hand, benefits from a source of managerial acumen from the franchisor, aside from the acquisition of a known brand, new technology, logistical support and training. In summarizing these strategies, it is readily apparent that conversion strategies provides the greatest opportunity for not only experienced but also inexperienced franchisors to penetrate international markets and expand operations even in saturated and highly competitive business environments. Reference: Preble, J F Hoffman, R C (1995) Franchising Systems Around the Globe: A Status Report Journal of Small Business Management, Apr95, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p80-88. Preble, J F Hoffman, R C (2006) Strategies for Business Format Franchisors to Expand into Global Markets. Journal of Marketing Channels, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p29-50. The diagram on the page following illustrates the three generic strategies just described. A Contingency Model for Global Franchising Strategies (Source: Preble Hoffman, 2006, p. 45) Reference: Preble, J F Hoffman, R C 2006 Strategies for Business Format Franchisors to Expand into Global Markets. Journal of Marketing Channels, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p29-50. ATTRACTION FOR INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISING: There is some special attraction for both the franchiser and franchisee thats why franchising has been famous around for decades. It is a great approach for business man to hold and drive own business. Same like that it is attractive for the second party in term of operating a business in new environment because they do not have know how of market, cultural and other political and social condition of that particular country. Franchisee should have to do some homework, research the company, and should consult with a franchise consultant before making a final commitment. Franchiser has to do the same research about the countrys political condition, possible social and cultural issues, credibility and previous working experience of the franchisee in the related field. Here are some of the advantages for both the partners in franchising business. LOWER FAILURE RATE: When franchising business is setup there are very low chances to failure of business because franchisee is using the name and fame of the already established organization. On the other hand, franchiser uses the experience and knowledge about the local market, which is very essential for survival of any organization. Independent businesses have 70% to 80% chance of failure in the initial critical years while franchising business has 80% chance of surviving. HELP WITH START UP AND BEYOND: Franchisee got lots of help on initial stages of business and operating it afterwards. Most of the franchisee gets all the apparatus, supplies and instruction or even training which is very essential to start the business. In most of the cases, franchisee gets constant training and help with marketing and management. Franchisee will reap the benefits of the companys international marketing campaigns, while the franchiser get benefit in terms of finance by entering into new market. BUYING POWER: Your franchise will gain from the combined buying power of the International Company as the franchisor can manage to pay in bulk and go by the investments along to franchisees. Stock and materials will cost less than if you were operating an independent company. STAR POWER: Most of the well-known franchises have international brand name and recognition. Getting a franchise can be similar to buying a business with built-in consumers. PROFITS: A franchise business can be hugely beneficial and profitable. (Think of McDonalds and KFC, for instance.) Reference: Internet WWW page at URL: Attraction For International Franchising sbinfocanada.about.com, Assessed 10 April 2010 from

Challenges faced by modern human resource management

Challenges faced by modern human resource management Nolan et al., (2007) mentioned that globalization has drastically altered the business environment through the fall of national borders and the rise of multinational organizations. Through this environment global competition has intensified, new markets have emerged and the flow of international labour has increased (Friedman, 2006). According to Watson (2007) in the near future, liberalisation is expected to continue along with standardisation of business language, processes and regulations. Coupled with technological advancements associated with increasing rapidity to market will continue to shift the basis of competitive advantage towards creative and innovative practices (Florida, 2002). Today, it would be difficult for any organization to achieve and sustain effectiveness without having an efficient Human Resource Management programs and activities. Both organizations and individual are facing with increasing rates of changing coupled with intense global and competitive market environments which led to new challenges .According to Iversen (2000) changes in workforce demography, technology and other environmental aspects are creating the need for new structures and management practices, which contribute to organizational commitment and flexibility Lastly, as the importance of organizational effectiveness is within an international context, it is imperative to investigate the challenges facing human resource management within a global economy. While these challenges exist not only because of globalization, but also due to technology and telecommunication advances, deregulation, diversity and other workforce changes, as well as trends in the nature of work and legal issues (Dessler, 2000). Current Challenges The increase of independent worker and self employment Nowadays, people tend to have more freedom in terms of whether to work or not, depending on their particular circumstances, than ever before. In addition, more people are choosing to work on a freelance, contract basic or to work part-time. They have more choices with regards to who they work for, the kind of work they do and for how long they are prepared to work. With this portfolio working also reduces a persons dependency on an individual employer and creates a workforce more able and predisposed to shape its own careers and lifestyles. Hence, people are able to exercise greater control over levels of discretionary effort and are willing to engage in negotiations over what has become known as the psychological contract (Hiltrop, 1996; Castells, 2000). Balancing Work-life Balancing work and life assumes relevance when both husband and wife are employed. Travails of a working housewife are more than a working husband, thus balancing it is becoming a major challenges. So there is a need of a programme which is capable of balancing work-life and is supposed to include a childcare at or near the workplace, job sharing, care for sick children and employees, on-site summer camp, training supervisors to respond to work and family needs of employees, flexible work scheduling, sick leave policies, variety of errands from dry cleaning, dropping children at schools, making dinner reservations etc and many more like the same or other. Motivational Approaches Workplace motivation is an important aspect as it influences people to do things which help to achieve organizational goals. For instance, in order for an individual to be motivated to complete organizational task effectively, their needs must be satisfied and met. Due to each individual may have different needs so different motivational tools must be utilized by the organization in order to encourage their employees to put in the needed effort thus increase productivity for the company. Organization survival and success are measured by the contribution from motivated employees in such a competitive market environments and changing workplace. Basically job characteristics, working environment and appropriate organizational reward system are the factor of motivation. Therefore the strongest motivational factors which can influence both job satisfaction and employee motivation are through a reward system wihch will affects the job satisfaction by making the employee more comfortable and contented as a result of the rewards received. Changing Workforce Dynamics Normally, physical relocation is required and with the increasing number of dual-career professionals will limits individual flexibility in accepting such assignments and as a result may hinder number of dual-career professionals. With that limitation in individual flexibility in accepting such assignments may also hinder organizational flexibility in acquiring and developing talent. Some demographic changes in the workforce having their own implications to the HR managers are: Increasing number of working mothers a steady decline of blue-collar employees who are giving way to white-collar employees Increasing awareness education among workers Changes in the external regulation of employment The misused of power by managers in areas such as hiring and firing, promotion and payment has been reduced by developments of legislation that give greater rights to employees and create new responsibilities for employers. Important examples of this trend are to be found in the areas of race, gender and age discrimination, employment protection, the treatment of pregnant women and trade union membership. One extreme example of the influence of the law on employment decisions can be found in the recent case in which the Swiss giant Nestle was ordered by a French court to reopen a loss-making plant, employing 427 workers, which had been closed in June 2005 (Evans-Pritchard, 2005). Despite sustained losses over several years, and a commitment either to find the employees jobs in other parts of France or to offer an early retirement package, the judge ordered the company to restart production and re-employ the workers. This decision was described by Nestle as unbelievable and unpreceden ted. While such extreme cases of legal intervention in business and employment are rare, the trend within the European Union to limit managements freedom to take rational business decisions where these threaten the legitimate interests of employees is increasing. Changed Employee Expectations Nowadays, employees demand empowerment and expect equality with the management. Krafft and Mahtrala (2010), states that it is only through true empowerment that staff will really contribute to the changing needs of a business, since they will then be doing things because they understand them and for the right reasons, thinking and reflecting on the changes and their likely impact, and above all feeling at ease with the implementation of change. Outsourcing HR Activities The trends towards outsourcing have been caused by several strategic and operational motives. Outsourcing has also been used to help reduce bureaucracy and to encourage a more responsive culture by introducing external market forces into the firm through the biding process. It is a big challenge before the HR manager to prove that his/her department is as important as any other functions in the organization. The relevance of HR is at stack. The challenges and replacement of physical power and manual skills by the power of knowledge, creativity and intellectual capital Knowledge-based industries are becoming more important together with the rise of the number of knowledge workers is creating a different kind of labour force, which has different requirements and expectations of work, and different expectations of how it will be managed. Knowledge workers can be seen to be different from other professional groups because, unlike those who draw upon a distinctive body of knowledge and work from this, the knowledge worker works with knowledge not only their own, but that generated and used by others, generated through such mechanisms as communities of practice and professional networks. Employability and Continuing Education This is a major area of challenge to most employers, especially those who employ large number of staff. Staffs have to take retraining in order to adapt a constantly changing external environment. It is a question of mind-set, working environment, and attitude towards self responsibility. The future will be characterized by the following needs, amongst other; The need to handle increasing complexity The need for continual enhancement of the management skill sets known as Life-Long Learning for example, the ability to adapt to changing environments, challenges and technology The need for a positive attitude to newly emerging opportunities as managers themselves has to become life-long learners. Recruitment and Retention Employee recruitment and selection is one the most vital HR functions as it is difficult to attract highly educated people. Next, retention focuses on the goal of keep well performing staff in the company. This depends not only on interesting work, fair compensation, and a motivating climate and management culture, but also on transparent and achievable career paths combined with a supportive management that provides guidance. Challenges of new technology With latest and advanced technology tend to reduce the number of jobs which require little skill and at the same time increase the number of jobs that require considerable skill. This shift we refer to as moving from touch labour to knowledge work. This will need to displace some employees and while other requires to be retrained. Challenges of globalization Globalization influences a significant portion of economy and affects the free flow of trade among countries. Besides that globalization also influences the number and kinds of jobs that are available and requires an organization to balance a complicated set of issues related to managing people with different cultures, geographies and legal environment. Managing Diversity Its value is getting more important issue because of increase in the number of young workers in the work-force, increase in the number of women joining the work-force, increase in the proportion of ethnic minorities in the total work-force, increase in mobility of work-force, international careers expatriates are becoming common, international experience as a pre-requisite for career progression to many top-level managerial positions. Human resources management approaches are not static due to they are not made one time and hold good forever. As a result they will have to undergo systematic changes in order to meet the requirements that may be happened in the future. For instance the methods that worked well in the past or now may not necessary work well in the present as operationally effective currently may need readjustment in order to cope with future needs. It is wise to have prior preparations by foreseeing possible changes and what required for the future. Future Challenges Workplace flexibility It is expected to be on the rise as the future workplace also known as the virtual office is characterized by creative and flexible work arrangements. As more employees tend to work off-site, there will be an increase in emphasis on performance and results as opposed to the number of hours worked. Besides that, off-site employees can expect to attend fewer meetings and as a result specified work will become much more collaborative and as a result management will have to spend nearly all its time managing cross-functional work. Technological Developments While organizations are growing in term of size, complexities and automation (computerization), it is important to examine: How technological development affects the specification of jobs in terms of different requirements of education skill required and organizational structure performance control. The suggested methods for instance including selection, personnel recruitment, analysis of job, developing compensation plans and appraisal systems. The strategies in ensuring employee acceptance of the programme are vital through the introduction and management of technological changes. Changes in the Socio-Cultural expectations of the work force These include changes in the compositions of work force in terms of their education, social background, and roots in urban setting and exposure to larger democratic culture of our country, all of which bring about changes in their expectations, attitudes and value-orientations which have bearing on the approaches to Human Resources Management. Challenge in Human Capital Human capital is intangible and cannot be managed the way organization manage jobs, technologies and etc. As employees own their own human capital, so if valued employees leave a company, they will take their human capital with them, and any investment the company has made in training and developing those people is lost. Increasing Shortage of Labor After the year 2010, the growth rate of workforce is projected to be declining even further. The annual growth rate is projected to be only 0.4 percent which is the lowest in more than a century. Therefore it is important to recognize that these statistics are very predictable based on the knowledge of birth, immigration, retirement, and death rates. Besides that, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2011 in the United States has caused the immigration laws to be more aggressively administered and as a result the immigration opportunities for skilled positions have been drastically reduced. To conclude, managing human capital is an ongoing challenge, especially as social, political and economic events take their toll. Strategies must continually be redefined to deliver improved return on investment in human capital. As HR professionals work within their own organizations, they must also cope with good and bad economies, new technology, and the social issues global, regional and national which affect their organizations.

George Lopez Essay -- Media Television TV

The television show, George Lopez, is a series in which Latinos make up the entire cast of the family. It takes place in the present day Los Angeles and focuses on a family and their daily lifestyle. This is one of two television shows that are directed to the English speaking population that has the Latino minority as the main ethnicity of the cast. Only 4% of Hispanics make up the cast of prime-time television shows, a miniscule amount considering that Hispanic-Americans are the largest minority group in the US. The ways in which minorities are portrayed in the show have their good aspects as well as bad aspects. This is to be expected since showing all good points or all the bad points isn't a fair perspective of the Latino population. As a show that points out a minority, its necessary to look as the good as well as the bad to find if it is actually a optimistic view of the race or a pessimistic one. The positives shown in The George Lopez Show are demonstrated by the members of the family in many different ways. The main character George, was promoted to plant manager of an L.A. airplane parts factory in the beginning of the series. He also receives an award for excellence in business management later on in the series. These represent the success of a Latino man. In one episode, when George finds out that one of his son's friends is having a rough home life, he makes arrangement for someone to take him in and take care of him until his home is safe enough for him to reside in. This show's how human and how caring he towards others as well as his family. When his son, Max, needs help with his baseball skills in another episode, George shows that he is a devoted father and works tirelessly on improving his son's skills. ... ... Show† properly portraying Hispanic Americans in this country? Or is it just hopeful thinking on the part of Mr. Lopez on what he hopes will change (Porter, 2002)? It is true that â€Å"The George Lopez Show† does not stoop to the usual levels of stereotyping Hispanics as lazy or gang members (Morales, 2002). For the most part the show does a good job in portraying Hispanics in a non stereotypical way, however, the way that certain characters on the show talk, such as the mother and the brother, are very much the stereotypical Mexican dialect. Also, Lopez’s children are extremely lazy, which is stereotypical of the Hispanic culture, although its also very abundant in teenage culture too (Morales, 2002). The â€Å"George Lopez Show† has been very successful up until now in starting to remove the typical Mexican stereotypes in America, but it still has a long way to go.

The War between Scotland and England in the Reign of Edward I Essay exa

Why did War break out between Scotland and England in the Reign of Edward I? On the 14th of May 1264, the forces of Simon de Montfort, Gloucester and the Londoners were set arrayed against the loyalist forces of King Henry III, Richard of Cornwall and Prince Edward (later to become King Edward I). The loyalists suffered a massive defeat at this Battle of Lewes and among those captured, aside from Richard of Cornwall and perhaps the King (Prestwich indicates the unsure nature of the King's capture 46), were the northern barons (Scottish lords) of Balliol, Bruce and Comyn. (Jenks 132) Prince Edward also became a hostage as part of an exchange after the battle. These same men who fought together and were held captive by the de Montforts would war against each other thirty years later. King Edward I (whom will be referred to as Edward) was not set on instigating a war against Scotland, nor were any of these Scottish lords interested in battling against such a formidable opponent as England. So why did war occur if none of these men were initially motivated for wa r? A series of unfortunate, but potent events led to the chrysalis of war, which was then allowed to grow and fully develop into a war by the specific actions of individuals. This essay will attempt to draw attention to many of the events which gave rise to war and investigate the complex nature of the individuals who in the end caused war through their acts (intentional and non-intentional). During Henry III's reign the baronial reform movement was renewed once again. The Provisions of Oxford attempted, among other reforms, to "reform the household of the king and queen" (Baker 10), which undoubtedly included the household of the King and Queen's son, Edward. This le... ...tic Scotland and the Middle Ages (Edinburgh, 1997) Vickers, K. H. A History of England: (Volume III) England in the Later Middle Ages (London, 1937). Webster, B. Scotland from the Eleventh Century to 1603 (London, 1975) *All primary documents from this text come with this preface in mind (especially that which I have bolded): In this volume, as in its predecessor, I have tried to keep both footnotes and editorial comment to a minimum, the only real problem occurring with documents written in the emerging literary English of the period. With most of these I have used modern versions, but one or two I have left in the original, to instance the spelling and form of the language. With these some notes have been necessary, but by and large they are intelligible with a little effort, and should be interesting to read. Such mistakes, as exist are of course, mine.

What is postmodernism?

Modernity and postmodernism are terms used to describe different eras in the development of human societies. It is different from most sociological perspectives in that it has no over arching theory. Some think that western societies have moved from an era of modernity to post modernity, but others do not agree. The debate between modernity and postmodernism tends to be about to what extent society has changed, and so which theoretical approach is the most appropriate. Modernism began as a way of describing the ideas that emerged during the decline of medieval society. There were three main elements modernism, economic, political and cultural. Modernist thinking supports the idea that the purpose of learning is to better the human condition. Postmodernism opposes each of the assumptions of modernism. They say there is no such thing as valid or invalid knowledge, they see knowledge as a form of control rather then liberation and that grand theories are inadmissible. Postmodernism began to have a significant effect on sociology in the 1980's. Most postmodernists believe that conventional approaches are no longer relevant to sociology, and must be discarded, approaches such as Marxism, functionalism and feminism they claim, were useful in explaining how society operated in previous eras but are no longer relevant to today's society. Modern theorists such as Durkhiem and Weber claim to be able to provide a comprehensive and definitive theory of society. Post modernists claim that this is not possible. Postmodernists claim that enlightenment has been abandoned in contemporary society. They claim people no longer believe in the inevitability of progress and the capacity of science to explain all. People are more pessimistic and no longer believe that grand theories such as Marxism and functionalism are able to explain society. There is now a much wider set of beliefs. French postmodernist writer Jean-Francois Lyotard argues that post-industrial society and so post-modern culture began to develop at the end to of the 1950's, although the rate of development varies between countries. Lyotard agrees that the advance of postmodernism undermines metanarratives of social progress, and people no longer believe that reason can conquer superstition. Lyotard's explanation of how postmodernism has come about is somewhat vague, although he seems to attribute most importance to technology. He believes postmodernism rest upon the â€Å"miniaturisation and commercialisation† of machines. Computer technology has become the principal force of production. He claims that post-modern society is founded on the production and exchange of knowledge and predicts that future wars will be about the control of knowledge as opposed to territorial disputes. It has been suggested that Lyotard's theory sounds very similar to a Marxist criticism of capitalism, but postmodernism offers the possibility of tolerance, in which humans are not all corrupted by metanarratives. However critics have pointed out that wile Lyotard repeatedly critic's metanarratives in his theory he himself has huge generalisations about the direction of human development. He also provides little evidence to support his theory. Marxist critic Terry Eagelton has pointed out that Lyotard's key concept in the development in human society is technical language, and he says this is nothing more than a justification for capitalism and the pursuit of profit regardless of human consequence. Jean Baudrillard is also regarded as a post-modern theorist. Like Lyotard he sees societies as having entered a new and distinctive phase. Unlike Lyotard, and indeed most postmodernists he is rather pessimistic about the outcome of these changes. Baudrillard argues that society is no longer based production and economic forces involving material goods (in direct contradiction of Marxism). He says they have been replaced by the buying and selling of signs and images, which have no relation to material reality. To him society is based upon production and exchange of free-floating images that have little or no connection to what they actually represent. Baudrillard differs from Lyotard in that he sees humans as trapped in a type of powerless uniformity and not being liberated by diversity. He too is vague in explaining how exactly postmodernism has come about. Unlike Lyotard he attaches significance to the television and mass media as an important factor. Critics have argued however that Baudrillards writing is very abstract. It offers examples to illustrate arguments and no systematic evidence. It has been suggested that Baudrillard was so immersed in his theory that to some extent he lost his grip on reality, as in later work he went on to suggest that the gulf war did not exist, but was just a series of images produced by the media, with no evidence that they were real. One of the most inflection sociologists to reject the claims of postmodernism is Anthony Giddens. He does not accept that enlightenment thinking must be abandoned and that metanarratives no longer have a place. He believes postmodernity may develop in the future but unlike sociologist such as David Harvey he does not accept that we have entered an era of post modernity. He does however think that significant changes have taken place within modernity and claims that we are in a period of late modernity. He says that when we move into an era of post modernity there will be four main institutional structures present in society. These are, multi-layered democratic participation, demilitarisation, and humanisation of technology, post scarcity system. He does admit that his idea of a post modern society is a rather idyllic one, as it is hard to imagine richer countries sharing their wealth with poorer countries for example, but is willing to except it may happen in the future. His theory is backed up only by occasional example rather than systematic evidence, however it remains the main opposition to post modernism theories. The main criticism of postmodernism is that it is paradoxical. How can you have a general theory that argues that general theories are no longer relevant? However many consider postmodernism to be an important area of sociology even if they do not believe society has yet reached that stage in development.

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Film Essay

I am very distressed about living in this dreadful place. I absolutely hate it; I can’t believe we moved from the best house EVER!!! With 5 floors if you included the basement and the top floor with the window where if I stand on the end of my toes I could see the whole of Berlin, to this place which I’m pretty sure is the worst house ever. I miss Berlin so much but most of all I miss you and grandfather. This house is really small too, and I mean it is tiny! It only has 3 floors which means there is not a lot of exploring to be done like in Berlin, in Berlin I had explored every single place I could think of but then I find something new all of a sudden. Also mother and father don’t let me explore in the new back garden because it is ‘out of bounds’. What ever that means. There’s nothing to explore in the front garden either because it’s so small. Perplexed, I stood and gazed through my bedroom window. There were so many farmers working on one huge field with little huts that disappeared into the distance†¦ The thing that horrified me most of all was that even kids starting from the age of about 4 were working and they looked so anorexic. Each time the soldiers shouted the kids would huddle closer and closer together. They all seemed so scared as if they were being forced to, hmmm†¦ All of the farmers looked really skinny, almost anorexic. One of the farmers’ even works in our kitchen peeling all of the vegetables. I found it really tedious with nothing to do so I decided to make a swing. To make the swing I needed some rope which was easy to find, and a tire which was a little trickier†¦ I interrupted Gretel whilst she was flirting so I could ask lieutenant Kotler if he had a spare tire. After a long and boring chat he gave me one and I made my swing. Once I had finished building the swing, I enjoyed it really well. But then I fell and hurt my knee really bad. I thought I would bleed to death but then a farmer called Pavel that worked in our kitchen ran over and helped me. After he had cleaned and bandaged my cut mother had finally arrived. She had figured out what happened almost immediately, she did not look pleased.

China in the Classical Era Essay

The gender systems of the Classical era in China can almost be summed up with this phrase: â€Å"How sad it is to be a woman!† (Strayer) According to the Chinese traditions when a girl child is born the family is definitely not happy about the birth. The mothers of the girl child must do three things; â€Å"first she must make the child sleep under the bed this shows the baby that she is lowly and weak, second she must give the baby a potsherd or a piece of broken pot to play with to make the girl child realize that the only thing in life for her is housework, and thirdly the mother must make an offering to the ancestors when she announces the birth of the girl child.† (Strayer) Chinese women are considered less than men, less than the servants even. She must always humble herself to the man of the family, or her â€Å"master†; she is to do whatever the in-laws require her to do as well. The gender system of the Classical era in India is much like China. â€Å"In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent.† (Strayer) The female in India could never be on her own, her father rules her life as a child, her husband as a wife and if she has male children, she is less than her children if the husband ever dies. She must never be vain, show her face or her body, and woman of India is less than a person because of these rules. The gender system of the Classical era in Rome began very much the same for the females. †If each man of us, fellow citizens, had established that the right and authority of the husband should be held over the mother of his own family we should have less difficulty with women in general.† (Strayer) In Rome men were expected to rule. This may have come from the fact that in order for Roman men to reproduce they had to pillage other villages and kidnap and rape the captured women. Over that time the men obviously ruled the house, the city and the land. Women were considered imprudent, rude and considered unbridled if they conducted any kind of business without a male guardian present. In all three cultures the same patriarchy is evident. Women were to do nothing without the say so of the man. Whether it is her father, husband, brother or son, she was to do as she was told when she was told and not complain about it. In China the females did as told, even by the mother-in-law, she was humbled, regardless of the situation, the husband could do as wished as long as it didn’t bring shame to himself or his family. There really isn’t anyway for the Chinese woman to get away from the patriarchy of her family or her husband’s family. In India the only way that a woman could relieve herself from her husband’s patriarchy â€Å"was to become a Buddhist nun and entering a monastery where women were relatively less restricted and could exercise more authority than in ordinary life.† (Strayer) Even thought this relieved her of her families’ patriarchy she still didn’t have complete independence from male dominance. In Rome however, this is where the changes began for the Roman women. â€Å"When these speeches for and against the law had been made, a considerably larger crowd of women poured forth in public the next day; as a single body they besieged the doors, of the Brutus’s, who were vetoing their colleagues’ motion, and they didn’t not stop until the tribunes took back their veto†¦.† (Strayer) The women of Rome were sick of being treated as less the nothings, they began to go into the streets, talk to whomever they chose even other women’s husbands. They had decided as a group that it was time that they had some rights. The women were no longer going to sit in the houses and have absolutely no wealth, no status, and no rights. There were some men against this and some men that approved of it. In the end the women won, and was allowed a few rights. This was taken away twenty years later though. The cultures of the Classical era showed that women were less than men, they had no rights, they had no wealth and they would always be obedient. This was an act to humble the women, they were slaves. The males always dominated the women; only the Roman women as a group were able to stand up for themselves. The Chinese and the women of India did not. They were obedient. Works Cited: Strayer, Robert. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Boston. New York, Bedford/ St. Martins 2011