Richard Cory, by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay -- Richard Cory Analysi

Many poets write about death and appearances. In the poesy Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson, the author tries to communicate several things. Robinsons poem is about a rich man that commits suicide, and the thoughts of the people in town that watch him in his everyday life. In Richard Cory, Robinson is communicating that outward appearances are not always what they seem, an that money does not always make a person happy Through the poem, Robinson never hints to any relationships that Richard Cory may have had. There is no mention of lovers, family, or even friends in the poem. I believe that Robinson was trying to communicate that companionship is essential to almost all people. Richard Cory was hiding his need for relationships if he had the need. Robinson may also have been trying to communicate that although money can make a person happy, they may grow tired of it over time. When you proceed very used to one thing over time, it may begin to matter less and less. People th at are not as well glum as others should not measure happiness by just dollars and cents. There is a much larger picture of personal happiness that should be turn to and maintained so that personal health and welfare are sustained. I think Robinson wants the reader to think that when Richard Cory died, he was probably a very lonesome and sad man. A supporting fact of this would be the absence of relationship...

Professional Wrestling :: essays research papers

Current Issues professionalfessional WrestlingWhen some people hear the word wrestling they think of 2 points takedown orheadgear and singlets. But most people think of the WWF, WCW, NWO, and theWolfPac. They think of names such as Hollywood Hogan, Sting, Stone Cold, DiamondD all in allas P while, and Golberg. If you have been alive in todays TV culture, you haveundoubtedly heard these names.Although professional wrestling has been enjoying newfound success lately, it isnot a new sport by any means. Professional Wrestling has been around since the 1800s just now it was mainly confined to barns and other small areas with people betting on thewinner. These were often blooming(a) and dangerous fights. Dangerous for the wrestlers aswell as the audience as sometimes the fight would spill out into the crowd.Professional Wrestling became more of a spectator sport in the early to mid1900s, but it resembled very little of what we think of Professional Wrestling today.Today, as opposed to ol d-time wrestling, it is erect a spectator event with people cheeringfor a hero against a vilian. Most all matches are set up in a way that there is alwaysone crowd favorite, and one that the crowd hates.Today Professional Wrestling is no longer a sport but a entertainment industry.The fights are rigged, the wrestling is fake, and the only thing real about wrestling is themoney. Millions of dollars are generated by professional wrestling. TV contracts,t-shirts, posters, Video games, movies. These all generate enough money and interest tomake professional wrestling the most watched entertainment event today. One of thereasons that wrestling has become such a powerful force in entertainment is that it has allthe action of a Jackie Chan movie, all the drama of ER and all of the eye-candy ofBaywatch.I am going to set up you some of todays biggest stars and give you a littlebackground on them.One of the most entertaining people in professional wrestling is current gentlemanchampion Gol dberg. Goldberg grew up as a doctors son in Oklahoma with his twobrothers. Goldberg was even an imposing future at a young age as he was a bouncer in abar at age 17. He went on to play college football at sulphur power Georgia. As a GeorgiaBulldog, Goldberg earned all-confernce honors as a nose-guard and was drafted by theAtlanta Falcons and eventually ended his career as a LA Ram. Goldberg was not donebashing skulls after he hurt his knee though. He shaved his head and got a tattoo andfollowed many former football players into Pro wrestling.

Feminist Criticism of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay exam

Feminist Criticism of The Great Gatsby The pervasive male bias in American literature leads the reader to couple the start of being American with the experience of being male. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, the background for the experience of disillusion ment and betrayal revealed in the novel is the discovery of America. Daisys chastening of Gatsby is symbolic of the failure of America to live up to the expectations in the imagination of the men who discovered it. America is female to be American is male and the quintessential American experience is betrayal by woman. Fetterley believes that power is the issue in the politics of literature. Powerlessness characterizes womans experience of reading not only because her experience is not articulated, clarified and legitimized in art, but more significantly because to be universal in American literature is to be not female. The Great Gatsby is an American have it off story centered in hostility to women. The vision of l ove is played out as a struggle for power in an elaborate material body of advantage and disadvantage in which romance is but a strategy for male victory. Gatsbys imaginative investment in Daisy is evident in his description of her as the first nice girl he had ever known. The quotation marks around nice indicate that the word is being used not as a reference to in-personity but as an index to social status and that Jay Gatsbys interest in Daisy Fay lies in what she represents rather than in what she is. She is for him symbolic rather than personal he later remarks to Nick that Daisys relation to Tom was just personal. Gatsby thinks of Daisy in relation to the objects that surround her. He cannot separate his vision of her from his vision... ... Gatsby, in the eyes of a feminist critic, is based on a lie of a double standard that makes female characters in classic literature not persons but symbols. It makes womens experience no part of that literatures concern. The male romantic imagination wants women to remain outsiders so that they can be forever available as occasions for the heroic gestures of men and as scapegoats for the failure of mens dreams. Works Cited Feminist Criticism. http//www.cumber.edu/engl230/femcrit.htm Fetterley, Judith. The Resisting Reader A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1978. Lee, Elizabeth. Feminist Theory - An Overview. http//ursula.stg.brown.edu/projects/hyp...t/landow/victorian/ sex/femtheory.html Meese, Elizabeth A. Crossing the Double-Cross. Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press, 1986.

Industrial Relations Essay -- Politics, Bipartite Relationships

I.INTRODUCTIONIndustrial peace is one of the core issues in the field of industrial relations. Moore (1951) suggested that industrial conflicts can be minimized or prevented by resort to two types of procedures first, a procedure of regulating and limiting the power of the two interest groups, especially by restricting power that can be exercised second, a procedure of providing positive interference in industrial disputes. Both procedures suggest that beyond workers and employers, a third important player may as well as directly interfere in industrial relations processes.The Pluralist theory, the mainstream industrial relations theory, focuses primarily on the bipartite relationship between the workers and employers. The third player, political agencies, though is equally important, is largely overlooked (Keller, 1991). However, as a theory of politics in essence, the Pluralist theory requires considerable elaboration on such a lacking piece, for it leaves itself open to questi ons of inequality of power among different interest groups some groups may wield an influence on public policy which may non be the interest of other groups. Legislation and other public policy decisions oftentimes work through a complex process of political party body structure (Hameed, 1982). Politics is one of the most important underlying developmental dynamic within industrial relations as such governmental interference shall not be absent from existing theoretical frameworks.The primary objective of this paper is to examine the Pluralist theory focusing on its explanation on the role of governmental agencies in industrial relations. Furthermore, I hope to prove that the absence of the role of the state may be a theoretical flaw within Pluralis... ...on McGuinty is creation a lapdog for a union-hating right-wing mayor because he is afraid of Fords political clout, not because he cares about transit in Toronto. (CBC News, 30 March, 2011)Though these statements may be purely M r. Kinnears expression of personal interests, one interesting fact about this dispute is that, TTC management and TTC employees in fact unanimously push this provision. Management fear the unintended consequence of governmental intervention will reversely cause higher wage, TTC employees worry that they may lose their right to sweetheart as a powerful channel to articulate themselves. All in all, it is without a doubt that government actively involves in this industrial conflict, and pluralism theory again, fails to explicate why government has taken such an active role in interfering labour relations between TTC management and employees.

The Lost City Atlantis Essay -- Mythology

IntroductionWe have all heard about the legend of Atlantis. Its verbalize that Atlantis was an advanced acculturation with highly developed economy and technology. only if one twenty-four hour period, catastrophe occurred in sudden. Atlantis entirely sank beneath the waves in only one day and one night. In thousands of years, Atlantis has caught the imagination of people from all over the world. Many adventurers, historians and anthropologists spent their whole life trying to open the mysterious veil of Atlantis. But has Atlantis ever existed? Description of AtlantisPlato gave the first and principal written account of Atlantis in his dialogues, Critias and Timaeus. In his description, Atlantis was a huge island located near the Straits of Gibraltar. In this island, on that point was a great empire which had flourished more than nine thousand years earlier. Atlantean residents had extraordinary intelligence. Their society was far more advanced than any other civilization at th at time. The wealth of Atlantis was so unimaginable that even the walls were covered in gold. Furthermore, Atlantis had a huge trading network and a powerful navy. But with the characterization of time, the Atlanteans became more and more arrogant, and they even wanted to rule the whole world. They were defeated by brave Athens soldiers. After that, fatal earthquakes and floods occurred in Atlantis and in a single day and night, the island of Atlantis was swallowed up by the sea. Arguments about existence of AtlantisIn 1882, Ignatius L. Donnelly published a book named Atlantis the Antediluvian World. In this book, Donnelly tried to debate his hypothesis that all known ancient civilizations were descended from a specific civilization, which was Atlantis. He observed that ancie... ....co.uk. 24 Feb. 2012 . Mystery Quest Lost City of Atlantis. Prod. Ryan Miller. DVD. A&E Home Video, 2010. News, CBC. Signs of Atlantis found in southern Spain. CBCnews. 14 Mar. 2011. CBC/Radio Canada. 24 Feb. 2012 . Staff, Msnbc.com, and News Service Reports. Lost city of Atlantis believed found off Spain. Msnbc.com. 14 Mar. 2011. Msnbc Digital Network. 24 Feb. 2012 . Stewart, Iain. Echoes of Platos Atlantis. BBC News. 17 Feb. 2011. BBC. 24 Feb. 2012 .

The Lost City Atlantis Essay -- Mythology

IntroductionWe have all heard about the myth of Atlantis. Its said that Atlantis was an advanced civilization with highly developed economy and technology. But one day, catastrophe occurred in sudden. Atlantis entirely sank beneath the waves in totally one day and one night. In thousands of years, Atlantis has caught the imagination of people from all over the world. M any(prenominal) adventurers, historians and anthropologists spent their whole life trying to open the mystical veil of Atlantis. But has Atlantis ever existed? Description of AtlantisPlato gave the first and principal written account of Atlantis in his dialogues, Critias and Timaeus. In his description, Atlantis was a huge island located near the sound of Gibraltar. In this island, there was a great empire which had flourished more than nine thousand years earlier. Atlantean residents had extraordinary intelligence. Their society was far more advanced than any other civilization at that time. The wealth of Atlant is was so unimaginable that even the walls were covered in gold. Furthermore, Atlantis had a huge trading network and a omnipotent navy. But with the passage of time, the Atlanteans became more and more arrogant, and they even wanted to rule the whole world. They were defeated by brave Athens soldiers. After that, fatal earthquakes and floods occurred in Atlantis and in a single day and night, the island of Atlantis was swallowed up by the sea. Arguments about existence of AtlantisIn 1882, Ignatius L. Donnelly published a book named Atlantis the Antediluvian World. In this book, Donnelly tried to demonstrate his hypothesis that all known ancient civilizations were descended from a specific civilization, which was Atlantis. He observed that ancie... ....co.uk. 24 Feb. 2012 . Mystery Quest Lost urban center of Atlantis. Prod. Ryan Miller. DVD. A&E Home Video, 2010. News, CBC. Signs of Atlantis order in southern Spain. CBCnews. 14 Mar. 2011. CBC/Radio Canada. 24 Feb. 2012 . Staff, Msnbc.com, and News Service Reports. Lost city of Atlantis believed found off Spain. Msnbc.com. 14 Mar. 2011. Msnbc Digital Network. 24 Feb. 2012 . Stewart, Iain. Echoes of Platos Atlantis. BBC News. 17 Feb. 2011. BBC. 24 Feb. 2012 .

Cross-cultural Communication Essay

In order to accomplish the task I decided to interview my friend from Italy who arrived to the the States after having won a language competition to live and study here and whom I recently visited in Italy. So, below you may see some differences and similarities of Ameri dope and Italian culture. First of all he decided to rent a car since it was more convenient than a train or another(prenominal) transportation vehicle. He markd that there be al around no pedestrians in the streets as everybody drives a car.Also, he stated that American people take care of their sprightliness as no other culture in the world because they have a list of emergency calls in every household and therefore are rightfully scared to death of Italian drivers. The system of driving in Italy is almost beyond American understanding. The basic difference is that Americans like lanes and pretty a great deal expect everybody to stay in one. Italy does not work like this at all.Instead they use a surprisingly tolerant system of swerving, tail gating, and other go-as-you-please driving etiquette that Americans would be driven to homicidal road rage by if it happened in the hometown. Traveling through Italy American person will neer see anyone irritated or aggressive while driving. Italians just casually drive like maniacs and know that everyone else is too. Along the way, they adore chatting and laughing with each other. As a huge generalization Italians are very attractive people.It felt like people are living in an Armani commercial. But as he says they smoke everywhere, all the time. As expected, he liked American food everywhere in restaurants, in coffee shops, etc. although he was more prone to have a dessert and a thimble of coffee. It was quite a surprise for him to reveal that dinners last an hour or an hour and a one-half at most while in Italy they go on for hours. Time in general moves differently in the USA, as he says. In the USA days start earlier than according to the Ita lian standards.In Italy the whole country shuts down from one oclock to three or quaternity oclock every afternoon. There is also a great difference in architecture of these two cultures. Italy is full of narrow streets, plazas and buildings. He says if you fate to live in an apartment that is several hundred years old and is probably built on top of even older building you can do it. In the USA it is hard to find something older than about 200 years old. In my essay I would like to refer to the root word of the context of situation (Kramsch 25) that includes three major partso The scope of discourse o The tenor of discourse o The mode of discourse The field of discourse covers the situation of visiting another country and penetrating into its culture. The tenor implies the participants, while the mode includes the role of the language in this situation. Therefore, it would be appropriate to note that Italian tradition of driving may serve as a good example of the context of sit uation. First of all, it involves such important factors as senior high school level of emotionality, hot weather, narrow streets, and their somewhat confusing location.As the tenor of discourse investigates the members of the situation, it is necessary to mention here the importance of the origin of the participants. As we may see from the interview and from my own experience Italians and Americans drive in completely different way and both of them believe that their driving tradition is the best and most convenient. In conclusion, I may add that cultural diversity implies different traditions that require understanding, open-mindness, and tolerance. References Kramsch, Claire. (2003). Language and Culture (4th edition). New York Oxford University Press.

Music of Mexico and Central America Essay

Musical expressions in aboriginal the States and Mexico atomic number 18 very diverse. Types of music in this geographic part stir similarities with an new(prenominal)(prenominal) types of Latin the Statesn music but have their distinctive differences. For instance, the marimba of Guatemala cannot be comp bed to a charc bera melody from Argentine. Also, it is quite on the loose(p) to mariachi for merengue and vice versa if one doesnt know the subtle differences between the two genres. The wide variety of instruments, the varied aspects of texts, poetic structures, languages, and dance rhythms in the music of cardinal America and Mexico prove the richness of these regions culture (Campbell et al.9).Music tends to reflect the cultural values, behaviors, and surroundings of a given geographic region and its the great unwashed. For this reason, musical theater traditions in Central America and Mexico have grown very diverse through centuries. Descendants of Native Americans, Afri cans, and Europeans who settled in Central America, Mexico, and the entire Latin America maintained many features of their musical roots and creative various blends of Latin American music. Latin American verses touch on various themes.Mexico, and countries in Central America such as Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua have many dearest songs that are passionately sung by heap, often with lyrics expressing loneliness, wideing, and unconditional love. Aside from love songs, music in the Latin American region also have themes of current events and history, such as the nueva cancion of Chile and corridor of Mexico. Some songs also try to prepare a connection between the singer and the supernatural, such as the songs that Chilean female shaman singers sing or the dances and chants that believers of Afro-Brazilian bahia realize.These types of songs are quite different from other musical traditions in the rest of the world but they are quite typical in Latin America. In addition, Mexico and Central American countries also have a huge collection of childrens songs, tribute songs, and songs of the seasons. Instruments used in the music of Central America and Mexico usually involve the guitar. The instrument is quite spectacular in most Latin American cultures, especially those influenced by Hispanic traditions.Artists from Mexico and other Latin American countries ilk Brazil, and Venezuela usually make use of the maracas, clave, and guiro to score the effect they want. Drums are also very important in the music of the region and various types of drums are used for different genres. Melodies are usually imperturbable of notes in the minor key and rhythms which are crosses of threes and twos. Native Americans are known to produce pentatonic melodies while people of African descent frequently usage syncopation in their musical flares.Perhaps the best known feature of Mexican and Central American music is its ability to make people danc e. Its easy to dance to Latin American music, whether alone or in synch with partners (Campbell et al. 9). Over the years, radio, film, and television have popularized Mexican music to higher levels. Listeners worldwide are able to recognize Mexican music although they sometimes confuse it with other types of music from the Latin American region. The icon of Mexican music is the mariachi a Mexican musician wearing a charo costume (Hutchinson 1192).Mariachis are known all over the world to transmit the meaning of being a Mexican. This musical group can sing anything, from ballads to songs about the revolution, from songs describing bar scenes to odes to regions and towns. Mariachis are also popular for their uni kneads called charros. A charro consists of a bolero-type jacket, tight pants with a belt of intricately weave design, and a wide-brimmed hat filled with ribbons, chains, and silver buttons.This unique Mariachi costume is very similar to the simpler costumes that cowboys we ar. Aside from the costume, Mariachis and cowboys also have origins in the same place, which is in Jalisco and other neighboring states (Kermecker 49). A mariachi band usually consists of three or four guitarists. Bands would usually play together for townspeople at gazebos or quioscos in the important Square or zocalo. Today in Mexico, up to eighteen mariachi musicians can organize in a main square and play any song that the townspeople want to hear.Aside from the guitar, mariachis use instruments such as vihuelas (smaller guitars with five strings), guitarrones (six-string vihuelas with big bellies), violins, harps, and trumpets for the energetic accents of Mexican songs. The term mariachi could have originated from the French watchword mariage, which would make sense since mariachis usually play at weddings. However, experts today insist that mariachis have existed long before the French came to Mexico. The name might have originated from the Mexican word mariachi which refer s to a small platform for musicians and dancing couples.Mariachis can be found all over Mexico, but especially in places such as Garribaldi in Mexico City and in Guadalajara, in the Plaza de Los Mariachis set at the intersection of Independencia Sur and Mina. Visitors at these places can pay mariachis to play them any Mexican song they want (Kernecker 49). Mariachis can employ other Latin American musical instruments to play their songs. They can use the the marimba, a hugely popular musical instrument in Central and South America. Marimbas are xylophones that consist of several wooden p tardilys of different sizes and onerousness.Modern versions of the instrument have hardwood bars of uniform thickness and tubular metal resonators that encompass six to seven octaves. Two to five players would play these xylophones with warm, mellow tones (Apel 505). Central America is a geographic region that is located in the southernmost part of the North American continent connecting South Ame rica to the southeast. A large part of Central America rests above the Caribbean Plate, do the region geologically active and the site of relatively frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.Cities in Central American countries have been destroyed by earthquakes before, such as Managua, capital of Nicaragua and El Salvador. However, the volcanic lava from eruptions has made the region agriculturally fertile, enabling it to sustain huge populations of people. While redbrick Latin American music is recognizable throughout Central America, indigenous music in the region have received the least exposure among other types of music in the horse opera Hemisphere. For instance, Garifuna music from the Garifuna people of Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala has quite a limited audience.Instruments used in this type of music include tree garaon or drums the primera which improvises the segunda which produces counter rhythms, and the tercera which takes care of bass lines. Two wire s are stretched over the tops of the drums to generate the buzzing sound that is typical of West African music. Other instruments used in Garifuna music are guitars, claves, shakers, scrapers, and bottle percussions (Nidel 291). In terms of modern music, one popular genre is Punta list which is a dance music similar to Trinidadian Soca.The standard ensemble to play Punta rock includes instruments such as synthesizers, brass, electric bass, and keyboards. The song La Punta of the Punta rock genre became popular in Honduras during the 1980s (Nidel 291). People in Central America perfectly love listening to the marimba. In Guatemala, the xylophone used is considered the national instrument. Marimbas of all sizes and styles are made in the coarse. Some models are designed to be play by a single player while others are so big that seven people are needed to play them.Musical genres like the meringue and other dance compositions usually rely on the xylophone to produce the bass rhythms (Apel 505). During the later(prenominal) parts of the 20th century, marimba in Mexico became popular in the southernmost state of Chiapas. The instrument is also played in neighboring states of Tabasco, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and in the nations capital. Mariachis and other musical groups playing marimba are scattered all throughout the country but they are especially concentrated in Mexico City and Chiapas. In terms of performance, multiple players playing marimbas are more common in Mexico than single players.In Mexico today, marimba music is mostly a regional phenomenon. It is associated with the southern part of the country and is often hardened in the same category as popular music genres like jarocho from Veracruz, mariachi from Jalisco, and norteno from northern Mexico (Beck 9). In the state of Veracruz, street musicians called ambulantes typically play marimba for people. These musicians would perform and compete with each other for twenty-four hours a day in the streets and in buildings. The type of marimba in this seaport city is known for its sharp-edged and hard syncopated style.The unique characteristics of marimba in Veracruz indicate its Afro-Cuban influences (Beck 224). Mexican music is primarily of Hispanic flavor because of the imposition of European musical culture on the natives by Spanish conquistadors. In Mexico today, nobody knows what real pre-Columbian music sounds like. Even the type of music that natives play in Indian communities is noticeably influenced by the Spanish. African slaves though tempered this music by adding their own style to it. Mexicans are proud of these traditional musical genres, although many of them now listen to Western rock and pop (Hutchinson 1192).There are many popular genres of Mexican music that are meant for singing instead of dancing. One is the corrido, a narrative form of music thats derived from old Spanish ballads. The genre spread throughout the country as armies of the revolution roamed across the l and. Corrido has since become a popular mode of expression for regular citizens and artists. Another genre is called cancion which path song, literally. Cancion highlights the amative and sentimental aspects of Mexicans, and is therefore naturally languid and slow.An example of cancion is Las Mananitas, which is usually sung to serenade people on their birthdays. Finally, theres the ranchera genre which is a mix of Mexican country and Western styles. The genre was originally associated with the cattle men from the Bajio region. Ranchera featured conspicuously in many Mexican films from the 1930s to the 1940s and consequently became known all over Latin America as the typical music of Mexico (Hutchinson 1192). The Mexican Film and recording industry are powerful forces throughout the entire Latin American region.They helped several Mexican artists to become household names, drawing fans and reach to the industry. Some of the most popular Mexican artists include Pendro Infante, Ped ro Vargas, Miguel Aceves Mejia, Jorge Negrete, and the Trio Los Panchos. Songwriters and composers can also gain popularity in Mexico, such as Agustin Lara who is a prolific composer of romantic boleros, which are Latin dance types of music However, despite the popularity of these artists, mariachis are still the most popular musical groups in the country (Hutchinson 1192).Musica tejana, Texas-Mexican music or but Tex-Mex has attained a huge following all over Mexico, Central America, and the whole Latin American region today. The genre contains influences from various musical styles, such as bolero, ranchera, and cumbia. It is very flexible and can even draw beats from other genres such as reggae, country, rap, pop, and disco. Musica tejana is also known as tejano music in Mexico, Texas, and other parts of the United States (San Miguel 3). The term tejano may also refer to people of Mexican descent who live in Texas.Musica tejana has been caused by Tejanos to reflect the sensibil ities of their broncobuster Tejanos and Mexicans. Tejanos started demanding that traditional Mexican music meet their sensibilities as early(a) as 1920s. Early in the twentieth century, much of musica tejana was formed by accordion sounds. afterwards World War II, Tejano musicians tried to adapt elements of Mexican music to their musical style. Artists incorporated female duet and vocal singing into musica tejana, which was previously instrumental in nature. They also continued to use the bajo sexton and accordion to produce their music.Saxophones, and trumpets later known as los pitos or horn section, were also employed to create musica tejana. During the second half of the century, Tejanos continued to adapt Mexican music by using instruments such as guitars, keyboards, organs, and brass instruments (San Miguel 7). Tejanos have lived alongside Anglos for a long time and conflicts between the two races are discernible in the musica tejana that evolved from this relationship. Cor ridos expressed the historical conflict between Mexicans and Anglos in South Texas during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.According to experts, old corridos were basically narrative ballads that told the adventures of a hero and were sung to simple tunes. In many ways, singing corridos was a symbolic means to fight the dominant Anglo culture. An example of this type of corridor is The Corrido of Gregorio Cortez, a narrative ballad that tells the story of a hero who single-handedly fought the law of the Anglos and won (San Miguel 8). Traditional Mexican songs like canciones reflected the changes that occurred and the attributes that were retained by Tejanos in the state.Canciones are composed of various types of songs, including corridos, canciones romanticas, canciones rancheras, and canciones tipcas. The corridor and cancion tipica dominated vocal music by Tejasnos throughout most of the nineteenth century. During the late nineteenth century, the cancion romantica started to emerge and compete with other types of cancion. In the twentieth century however, the cancion ranchera attained a huge following, which made it the dominant type of song among Mexicans in Texas and for those who lived near the border (San Miguel 8).Aside from musica tejana, there are many other musical genres that has gained wide popularity in Central America. One is cumbia, a Colombian style of folk dance music thats considered to represent Colombian culture, like Vallenato. Cumbia is especially popular in boatman, another country in Central America. The region is mostly inhabited by mestizos who are people of European, African, and indigenous descent. The culture of the Azuero region located in the west of the country has come to dominate Panama.The countrys preference for music such as cumbia is very similar to the musical preferences of its neighboring country, Colombia. The most significant native instrument in Panama is the mejorama, a guitar with five strings, wh ich looks quite similar with the Venezuelan cuatro. The mejorama are often used by musicians in the country to play songs termed torrentes. The most recognized Panamanian musician in the world is Ruben Blades who became a star in the Fania stable of New York musicians. Blades started his career with doo-woop but branched off to different musical styles later (Nidel 291).While it is true that music is the universal language, the music of Mexico and Central America is still very unique in their own social and historical contexts. The mariachi of Mexico reflects the energetic Mexican people and their passionate tendencies. Dances with fast beats illustrate the festivity of Mexican culture while slow and languid songs show the longing of Mexicans for impalpable things such as love, honor, and the noncurrent. Whether its marimba, corridor, cancion or ranchera, Mexican music stands out as among the best and most colorful types of music in the world.Central America also has a rich colle ction of Latin American music, such as musica tejana, bolero, and cumbia. Each country in this region has a different past that is reflected in their preferred musical styles. As each style crosses and mixes with each other, the music of Central America is bound to get richer in the future. Through modern forms of communication and broadcast such as the Internet, Latin American music in Central America may gather more followers in regions far away from it.The various kinds of Mexican and Central American music all have their own flavors and they must be preserved for generations to come. They contain the enliven of the Latin American culture and must therefore be listened to by new generations of Latinos and other artists and ordinary people outside of the region. Works Cited Apel, Willi. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1969. Beck, John. cyclopedia of Percussion. London Taylor & Francis, 1995. Campbell, Patricia Shehan et al.Songs of Latin America f rom the Field to the Classroom. Van Nuys Alfred Publishing, 2001. Hutchinson, Peter. Central America & Mexico 2004. Bath Footprint Travel sentrys, 2003. Kernecker, Herb. When in Mexico, Do as the Mexicans Do The Clued-in Guide to Mexican Life, Language, and Culture. Columbus McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. Nidel, Richard. World Music the Basics. New York Routledge, 2005. San Miguel, Guadalupe. Tejano Proud Tex-Mex Music in the Twentieth Century. College Station Texas A&M University Press, 2002.

Culture and Love Essay

The concept of love is perhaps of the widely specify and yet in general given that concrete meaning. This is due to the fact that there are many ways that people define what love is in as much as there are many ways that people can show love. One of the strongest influences on love is culture. The way we show love can count on on our culture so that how we reciprocate love is also dictated by culture. Indeed, love and culture has defined meaning to each other and have, in many ways certain connectivity that adds meaning to each other.This is the reason why, the culture of love in many countries differ from each other. There would always be distinct features of love and of culture that define love in these countries. For example, in an article by Nevitt entitled, Art and Culture of Love in Seventeenth-Century Holland, he defined how the culture of love was during the seventeenth century in Holland by examining texts and artworks that described how love was manifested during that ti me, including courtship and how love is manifested.The concept of courtship is perhaps one(a) that differs from one culture to the other. This is true because as one culture believes in the concept and importance of courtship, others simply do not. Nevitt interpreted these works which according to him show how they both(prenominal) reflect and shaped the experience of love. The thing portrayed in the paintings for example, is taken in the context of the contemporary culture of love which manifested itself in the loving practices of courtship and in a variety of amatory texts (Nevitt).These paintings are very significant as it would have no inspiration for its contents if there would be no true meaning to it as shown and seen in the community that shower each other with love. Work Cited Nevitt, Rodney. Art and the Culture of Love in Seventeenth-Century Holland. 24 June 2009 .

Bag of Bones EPILOGUE

It snowed for Christmas a polite six inches of powder that made the carollers working the streets of Sanford look like they belonged in Its a Wonderful Life. By the eon I came tooshie from checking Kyra for the third time, it was quarter past single on the morning of the twenty-sixth, and the snow had stopped. A tardily moon, plump but blench, was peeking through the unravelling fluff of clouds.I was Christmasing with hound again, and we were the last both up. The kids, Ki included, were dead to the world, sleeping polish off the annual bacchanal of regimen and presents. Frank was on his third Scotch it had been a three-Scotch story if in that location ever was one, I guess but Id besides drunk the top off my first one. I recall I might take in gotten into the bottle quite heavily if non for Ki. On the days when I nurture her I normally dont drink so much as a glass of beer. And to have her three days in a row . . . but shit, kemo sabe, if you nookyt set have Ch ristmas with your kid, what the hell is Christmas for?Are you all pay? Frank asked when I sat down again and took some other inadequate token sip from my glass.I grinned at that. Not is she all near but are you all right. Well, nobody ever said Frank was stupid.You shouldve seen me when the Department of compassionate Services allow me have her for a weekend in October. I must have checked on her a dozen times before I went to bed . . . and then I kept checking. Getting up and peeking in on her, listening to her breathe. I didnt sleep a wink Friday night, caught maybe three hours on Saturday. So this is a big improvement. except if you ever blab any of what Ive t white-haired you, Frank -if they ever hear close to me filling up that bathtub before the beset knocked the gennie out I can kiss my chances of adopting her goodbye. Ill probably have to fill out a form in triplicate before they even let me attend her high-school graduation.I hadnt meant to specialize Frank the bathtub part, but once I started talking, al some anything spilled out. I suppose it had to spill to somebody if I was ever to get on with my life. Id assumed that potty Storrow would be the one on the other side of the confessional when the time came, but John didnt exigency to talk astir(predicate) any of those events except as they bore on our on air out legal business, which nowadays is all round Kyra Elizabeth Devore.Ill keep my mouth shut, dont worry. How goes the adoption battle?Slow. Ive coif to loathe the assign of Maine court system, and DHS as well. You take the slew who work in those bureaucracies one by one and theyre mostly fine, but when you put them unitedly . . . Bad, huh?I sometimes feel like a character in Bleak House. Thats the one where Dickens says that in court nobody wins but the lawyers. John tells me to be patient and count my blessings, that were making amazing progress considering that Im that most untrusdeucerthy of creatures, an unmarried whi te male of middle age, but Kis been in two foster-home situations since Mattie died, and Doesnt she have kin in one of those neighboring towns?Matties aunt. She didnt motivation anything to do with Ki when Mattie was alive and has even less interest now. Especially since since Kis not going to be rich.Yeah.The Whitmore woman was lying about Devores provide.Absolutely. He left wing everything to a foundation thats supposed to foster global computer literacy. With due respect to the numbercrunchers of the world, I cant imagine a colder charity.How is John?Pretty well mended, but hes never going to get the use of his right arm back entirely. He blasted near died of blood-loss.Frank had led me away from the entwined subjects of Ki and custody quite well for a man deep into his third Scotch, and I was willing comme il faut to go. I could hardly bear to theorise of her long days and thirster nights in those homes where the Department of Human Services stores away children like k nickknacks nobody motivations. Ki didnt live in those places but only existed in them, pale and listless, like a well-fed rabbit kept in a cage. Each time she saw my car turning in or pulling up she came alive, waving her arms and dancing like Snoopy on his doghouse. Our weekend in October had been wonderful (despite my obsessive need to check her every half hour or so after she was asleep), and the Christmas holiday had been even better. Her emphatic desire to be with me was helping in court more than anything else . . . yet the wheels still turned slowly.Maybe in the spring, Mike, John told me. He was a new John these days, pale and serious. The slightly arrogant eager beaver who had wanted nothing more than to go head to head with Mr. Maxwell Big Bucks Devore was no longer in evidence. John had learned something about mortality on the twenty-first of July, and something about the worlds idiot cruelty, as well. The man who had taught himself to shake with his left hand instead of his right was no longer interested in partying til he puked. He was seeing a misfire in Philly, the daughter of one of his mothers friends. I had no caprice if it was serious or not, Kis Unca John is closemouthed about that part of his life, but when a preteen man is of his own accord seeing the daughter of one of his mothers friends, it ordinarily is.Maybe in the spring it was his mantra that late fall and early winter. What am I doing wrong? I asked him once this was fairish after Thanksgiving and another setback.Nothing, he replied. Single-parent adoptions are always slow, and when the putative adopter is a man, its worse. At that point in the conversation John made an ugly little gesture, scoke the index finger of his left hand in and out of his loosely cupped right fist.Thats blatant sex discrimination, John.Yeah, but usually its justified. Blame it on every twisted asshole who ever decided he had a right to take off some little kids pants, if you want, blame it on the bureaucracy, if you want, hell, blame it on cosmic rays if you want. Its a slow process, but youre going to win in the end. Youve got a clean record, youve got Kyra saying I want to be with Mike to every render and DHS worker she sees, youve got enough money to keep after them no matter how much they squirm and no matter how many forms they throw at you . . . and most of all, buddy, youve got me.I had something else, too what Ki had whispered in my ear as I paused to catch my breath on the steps. Id never told John about that, and it was one of the few things I didnt tell Frank, either.Mattie says Im your little guy now, she had whispered. Mattie says youll take care of me.I was trying to as much as the fucking slowpokes at Human Services would let me but the waiting was hard.Frank picked up the Scotch and tilted it in my direction. I shook my head. Ki had her heart set on snowman-making, and I wanted to be able to face the glare of early sun on fresh snow without a headache.Fra nk, how much of this do you really believe?He poured for himself, then just sat for a time, looking down at the table and thinking. When he raised his head again there was a smile on his face. It was so much like Jos that it broke my heart. And when he spoke, he juiced his ordinarily faint Boston brogue.Sure and Im a half-drunk Irishman who just finished listenin to the granddaddy of all ghost stories on Christmas night, he said. I believe all of it, you silly git.I laughed and so did he. We did it mostly through the nose, as men are apt to do when up late, maybe in their cups a little, and dont want to wake the house.Come on how much really? all told of it, he repeated, dropping the brogue. Because Jo believed it. And because of her. He nodded his head in the direction of the stairs so Id know which her he meant. Shes like no other little girl Ive ever seen. Shes pleasurable enough, but theres something in her eyes. At first I thought it was losing her mother the way she did, bu t thats not it. Theres more, isnt there?Yes, I said.Its in you, too. Its touched you both.I thought of the baying thing which Jo had managed to hold back while I poured the lye into that rotted roll of canvas. An Outsider, she had called it. I hadnt gotten a clear look at it, and probably that was good. Probably that was very good.Mike? Frank looked concerned. Youre shivering.Im okay, I said. Really.Whats it like in the house now? he asked. I was still living in Sara Laughs. I procrastinated until early November, then put the Derry house up for sale.Quiet.Totally quiet?I nodded, but that wasnt completely true. On a couple of do I had awakened with a sensation Mattie had once mentioned that there was someone in bed with me. But not a dangerous presence. On a couple of occasions I have smelled (or thought I have) Red perfume. And sometimes, even when the air is perfectly still, Bunters bell will shiver out a few notes. Its as if something lonely wants to say hello.Frank glanced at t he clock, then back at me, almost apologetically. Ive got a few more questions okay?If you cant continue up until the wee hours on Boxing Day morning, I said, I guess you never can. Fire away.What did you tell the police?I didnt have to tell them much of anything. Footman talked enough to suit them too much to suit Norris rooftreewick. Footman said that he and Osgood it was Osgood driving the car, Devores pet broker did the drive-by because Devore had made threats about what would happen to them if they didnt. The State cops also found a retroflex of a wire-transfer among Devores effects at Warringtons. Two million dollars to an account in the Grand Caymans. The name scribbled on the copy is Randolph Footman. Randolph is Georges middle name. Mr. Footman is now residing in Shawshank State Prison.What about Rogette?Well, Whitmore was her mothers maiden name, but I think its safe to say that Rogettes heart belonged to Daddy. She had leukemia, was diagnosed in 1996. In people her age she was only fifty-seven when she died, by the way its fatal in two cases out of every three, but she was doing the chemo. Hence the wig.Why did she try to stamp out Kyra? I dont understand that. If you broke Sara Tidwells hold on this earthly plane of ours when you dissolved her bones, the curse should have . . . why are you looking at me that way?Youd understand if youd ever met Devore, I said. This is the man who lit the whole fucking TR on fire as a way of saying goodbye when he headed west to sunny California. I thought of him the second I pulled the wig off, thought theyd swapped identities somehow. Then I thought Oh no, its her all right, its Rogette, shes just lost her sensory hair somehow.And you were right. The chemo.I was also wrong. I know more about ghosts than I did, Frank. Maybe the most important thing is that what you see first, what you think first . . . thats whats usually true. It was him that day. Devore. He came back at the end. Im sure of it. At the e nd it wasnt about Sara, not for him. At the end it wasnt even about Kyra. At the end it was about Scooter Larribees sled.Silence between us. For a few moments it was so deep that I could actually hear the house breathing. You can hear that, you know. If you really listen. Thats something else I know now.Christ, he said at last. I dont think Devore came east from California to kill her, I said. That wasnt the original plan.Then what was? Get to know his granddaughter? repair his fences?God, no. You still dont understand what he was.Tell me, then.A human monster. He came back to buy her, but Mattie wouldnt sell. Then, when Sara got hold of him, he began to plan Kis death. I suspect that Sara never found a more willing tool.How many did she kill in all? Frank asked.I dont know for sure. I dont think I want to. Based on Jos notes and clippings, Id say that there were perhaps four other . . . directed murders, shall we call them? . . . in the years between 1901 and 1998. whole children , all K-names, all closely related to the men who killed her.My God.I dont think God had much to do with it . . . but she made them pay, all right.Youre sorry for her, arent you?Yes. I would have torn her apart before I let her put so much as a finger on Ki, but of lead I am. She was raped and murdered. Her child was drowned while she herself place down dying. My God, arent you sorry for her?I suppose I am. Mike, do you know who the other son was? The crying boy? Was he the one who died of blood-poisoning?Most of Jos notes concerned that part of it its where she got started. Royce Merrill knew the story well. The crying boy was Reg Tidwell, Junior. You have to understand that by September of 1901, when the Red-Tops played their last pose in Castle County, almost everyone on the TR knew that Sara and her boy had been murdered, and almost everyone had a good inclination of whod done it.Reg Tidwell spent a lot of that August hounding the County Sheriff, Nehemiah Bannerman. At firs t it was to find them alive Tidwell wanted a search mounted and then it was to find their bodies, and then it was to find their killers . . . because once he accepted that they were dead, he never doubted that theyd been murdered.Bannerman was sympathetic at first. Everyone seemed sympathetic at first. The Red-Top crowd had been treated wonderfully during their time on the TR that was what infuriated Jared the most and I think you can forgive tidings Tidwell for making a crucial mistake.What mistake was that?Why, he got the idea that Mars was heaven, I thought. The TR must have seemed like heaven to them, right up until Sara and Kito went for a stroll, the boy carrying his berry-bucket, and never came back. It must have seemed that theyd finally found a place where they could be black people and still be allowed to breathe.Thinking theyd be treated like regular folk music when things went wrong, just because theyd been treated that way when things were right. Instead, the TR c lubbed together against them. No one who had an idea of what Jared and his prot?g?s had done condoned it, exactly, but when the chips were down . . . You protect your own, you wash your dirty laundry with the door unlikable, Frank murmured, and finished his drink.Yeah. By the time the Red-Tops played the Castle County Fair, their little community down by the lake had begun to break up this is all according to Jos notes, you understand theres not a whisper of it in any of the town histories.By Labor Day the active harassment had started so Royce told Jo. It got a little uglier every day a little scarier but Son Tidwell flat didnt want to go, not until he found out what had happened to his sister and nephew. He apparently kept the blood family there in the meadow even after the others had taken off for friendlier locations.Then someone laid the trap. There was a clearing in the woods about a mile east of whats now called Tidwells hayfield it had a big birch cross in the middle o f it. Jo had a picture of it in her studio. That was where the black community had their services after the doors of the local churches were closed to them. The boy Junior used to go up there a lot to pray or just to sit and meditate. There were plenty of folks in the township who knew his routine. Someone put a leghold trap on the little path through the woods that the boy used. C overed it with leaves and needles.Jesus, Frank said. He voiceed ill.Probably it wasnt Jared Devore or his logger-boys who set it, either they didnt want any more to do with Sara and Sons people after the murders, they kept right clear of them. It might not even have been a friend of those boys. By then they didnt have that many friends. But that didnt change the fact that those folks down by the lake were acquire out of their place, scratching at things better left alone, refusing to take no for an answer. So someone set the trap. I dont think there was any goal to actually kill the boy, but to maim him? Maybe see him with his foot off, condemned to a lifetime crutch? I think they may have gotten that far in their imagining.In any case it worked. The boy stepped in the trap . . . and for quite awhile they didnt find him. The pain must have been excruciating. Then the blood-poisoning. He died. Son gave up. He had other kids to think about, not to mention the people whod stuck with him. They packed up their clothes and their guitars and left. Jo traced some of them to North Carolina, where many of the descendants still live. And during the fires of 1933, the ones young Max Devore set, the cabins burned flatI dont understand why the bodies of Sara and her son werent found, Frank said. I understand that what you smelled the putrescence wasnt there in any physical sense. But surely at the time . . . if this path you call The Street was so popular . . . Devore and the others didnt bury them where I found them, not to begin with. They would have started by dragging the bodies deepe r into the woods maybe up to where the north wing of Sara Laughs stands now. They covered them with brush and came back that night. Must have been that night to leave them any longer would have drawn every carnivore in the woods. They took them someplace else and buried them in that roll of canvas. Jo didnt know where, but my guess is Bowie Ridge, where theyd spent most of the summer cutting. Hell, Bowie Ridge is still pretty isolated. They put the bodies somewhere we might as well say there.Then how . . . why . . . Draper Finney wasnt the only one haunted by what they did, Frank they all were. Literally haunted. With the possible exception of Jared Devore, I suppose. He lived another ten years and apparently never missed a meal. But the boys had mentally ill dreams, they drank too much, they fought too much, they argued . . . bristled if anyone so much as mentioned the Red-Tops . . . Might as well have gone virtually wearing signs reading cunt US, WERE GUILTY, Frank commented. Yes. It probably didnt help that most of the TR was giving them the silent treatment. Then Finney died in the quarry committed suicide in the quarry, I think and Jareds logger-boys got an idea. Came down with it like a cold. Only it was more like a compulsion. Their idea was that if they dug up the bodies and reburied them where it happened, thingsd go back to normal for them.Did Jared go along with the idea?According to Jos notes, by then they never went near him. They reburied the bag of bones without Jared Devores help where I eventually dug it up. In the late fall or early winter of 1902, I think.She wanted to be back, didnt she? Sara. Back where she could really work on them.And on the whole township. Yes. Jo thought so, too. Enough so she didnt want to go back to Sara Laughs once she found some of this stuff out. Especially when she guessed she was pregnant. When we started trying to have a baby and I suggested the name Kia, how that must have scared her And I never saw.Sa ra thought she could use you to kill Kyra if Devore played out before he could get the job done he was old and in bad health, after all. Jo gambled that youd save her instead. Thats what you think, isnt it?Yes.And she was right.I couldnt have done it alone. From the night I dreamed about Sara singing, Jo was with me every step of the way. Sara couldnt make her quit.No, she wasnt a quitter, Frank agreed, and wiped at one eye. What do you know about your twice-great-aunt? The one that married Auster?Bridget Noonan Auster, I said. Bridey, to her friends. I asked my mother and she swears up and down she knows nothing, that Jo never asked her about Bridey, but I think she might be lying. The young woman was definitely the black sheep of the family I can tell just by the sound of Moms voice when the name comes up. I have no idea how she met Benton Auster. Lets say he was down in the Prouts Neck part of the world visiting friends and started butterfly with her at a clambake. Thats as li kely as anything else. This was in 1884. She was eighteen, he was twenty-three. They got married, one of those hurry-up jobs. Harry, the one who actually drowned Kito Tidwell, came along six months afterward.So he was barely seventeen when it happened, Frank said. Great God.And by then his mother had gotten religion. His terror over what shed think if she ever found out was part of the reason he did what he did. Any other questions, Frank? Because Im really starting to fade.For several moments he said nothing I had begun to think he was done when he said, Two others. Do you mind?I guess its too late to back out now. What are they?The Shape you spoke of. The Outsider. That troubles me.I said nothing. It degraded me, too.Do you think theres a chance it might come back?It always does, I said. At the risk of sounding pompous, the Outsider eventually comes back for all of us, doesnt it? Because were all bags of bones. And the Outsider . . . Frank, the Outsider wants whats in the bag.H e mulled this over, then swallowed the rest of his Scotch at a gulp.You had one other question?Yes, he said. Have you started committal to writing again?I went upstairs a few minutes later, checked Ki, brushed my teeth, checked Ki again, then climbed into bed. From where I lay I was able to look out the window at the pale moon shining on the snow.Have you started writing again?No. opposite than a rather lengthy essay on how I spent my summer vacation which I may show to Kyra in some later year, theres been nothing. I know that Harold is nervous, and sooner or later I suppose Ill have to call him and tell him what he already guesses the machine which ran so sweet for so long has stopped. It isnt broken this memoir came out with nary a accelerator pedalp or missed heartbeat but the machine has stopped, just the same. Theres gas in the tank, the sparkplugs spark and the battery bats, but the wordygurdy stands there quiet in the middle of my head. Ive put a tarp over it. Its served me well, you see, and I dont like to think of it getting dusty.Some of it has to do with the way Mattie died. It occurred to me at some point this fall that I had written similar deaths in at least two of my books, and popular fiction is heaped with other examples of the same thing. Have you set up a moral dilemma you dont know how to solve? Is the protagonist sexually attracted to a woman who is much too young for him, shall we say? Need a quick fix? Easiest thing in the world. When the story starts going sour, bring on the man with the gun. Raymond Chandler said that, or something like it close enough for government work, kemo sabe.Murder is the worst kind of pornography, murder is let me do what I want taken to its final extreme. I believe that even make-believe murders should be taken seriously maybe thats another idea I got last summer. mayhap I got it while Mattie was struggling in my arms, gushing blood from her smashed head and dying blind, still crying out for her daughte r as she left this earth. To think I might have written such a hellishly convenient death in a book, ever, sickens me.Or maybe I just wish thered been a little more time.I remember telling Ki its best not to leave love letters around what I thought but didnt say was that they can come back to haunt you. I am haunted anyway . . . but I will not willingly haunt myself, and when I closed my book of dreams I did so of my own free will. I think I could have poured lye over those dreams as well, but from that I stayed my hand.Ive seen things I never expected to see and felt things I never expected to feel not the least of them what I felt and still feel for the child sleeping down the hall from me. Shes my little guy now, Im her big guy, and thats the important thing. Nothing else seems to matter half so much.Thomas Hardy, who supposedly said that the most brilliantly drawn character in a novel is but a bag of bones, stopped writing novels himself after finishing Jude the Obscure and whi le he was at the height of his narrative genius. He went on writing poetry for another twenty years, and when someone asked him why hed quit fiction he said he couldnt understand why he had trucked with it so long in the first place. In brush up it seemed silly to him, he said. Pointless. I know exactly what he meant. In the time between now and whenever the Outsider remembers me and decides to come back, there must be other things to do, things that mean more than those shadows. I think I could go back to clanking chains behind the Ghost House wall, but I have no interest in doing so. Ive lost my taste for spooks. I like to imagine Mattie would think of Bartleby in Melvilles story.Ive put down my scriveners pen. These days I prefer not to.

Action of Barbituates

Homework Assignment Chapter 4 Addiction Studies (BHHS) Sherman Howard 1. Describe, the action of Barbiturates. They disgrace sensory sensitivity to pleasure or pain. Replaces the need for sex, food and emotional involvement. 2. Describe the action of benzodiazepines and their withdrawal symptoms. Benzodiazepines are minor tranquilizers they practice dopamine levels to surge producing a pleasurable sensation. Withdrawal involves seizures, convulsions, and even death. 3. What is the biggest danger with drug synergism when using two depressant drugs? Overdose 4.What is a stupid reaction to tranquilizers? Becoming more active instead of calmer. 5. Why is withdrawal so life threatening for alcohol and the barbiturates? Both apprize lead to Seizures and death. 6. Who is the secret addict? An unborn Fetus can be, if the mother is an addict. ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Two 1. What is the approximate percentage of alcohol in beer? W ine? Whiskey? Beer5% Wine15% Whiskey45% 2. What does BAC stand for? crease Alcohol Concentration. 3. Describe the processing of alcohol from digestion to absorption. 0% is absorbed by the stomach the remaining 80% is absorbed in the small intestines. 4. What is alcohol military force on digestion and liver? Alcohol can stop digestion and increase hydrochloric acid production. Alcohol also causes a drop in blood sugar which can lead to a hypoglycemic state. 5. Name some factors that often predict alcoholism? Poor learning ability, poor judgment, short-term memory is affected. 6. After universal high dose use which is more dangerous immediate alcohol withdrawal or immediate heroin withdrawal? Alcohol is more immediate. Sherman Howard

Electronic Gadgets

cases in Information Systems Volume 13, write 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 IS THE GROWING expend OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES BENEFICIAL TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE? RESULTS FROM ARCHIVAL DATA AND A SURVEY Taylor S. Drain, Washburn University, taylor. emailprotected edu Lakeisha E. Grier, Washburn University, lakeisha. emailprotected edu Wenying Sun, Washburn University, nan. emailprotected edu ABSTR execute In this remove, we investigate the relationship surrounded by donnish accomplishment and the affair of computing device technology.We ladder our hypothesis which proposes that the growing map of electronic deveices is academically beneficial to high school day scholars standardise prove gobs and grade point average. Our regularity of entropy collection includes both a succeed of high school students in the Midwest ara and an abbreviation of national sit down scads in the twelvemonths before computing and in old age with computing. Analysis of SAT archival information shows a forbid correlation among get ahead pre -computing and gain post-computing (with computing influences), meaning that as scores before computing were decreasing, scores with prevalent reckoner technology are increasing.Our survey data also displayed a positive correlation between time exhausted on electronic devices for school purpose and GPA. Key scripts electronic estimator Technology, Academic Performance , SAT, GPA, Electronic Devices INTRODUCTION The availableness and spend of electronic devices continues to grow. Over 420 million smart phones were sold worldwide in 2011 6. Almost 400 million computers were sold during 2010 , and that figure is expected to append to over 1 one million million units which will incl ude computers and smart phones by 2014 3. With the development of Wi-Fi hotspots, it is now easier for people to stay connected with their portable devices.Since electronic devices continue to be adapted to be friendlier to the end users, we want to researc h how the increased use of computer based technologies both in the classroom and at home impacts the academic cognitive operation of students. The following research manoeuver is posed Is the increased use of computer based technology improving the academic performance of students? In put in for us to investigate this question, we have analyzed two witnesss of data. The first being SAT test scores over the last 30 years. The second source is from data we collected from a survey that we presented to high school students.This study is important because it shows that the increasing use of electronic technologies for schoolwork is improving students academic performance. Computer technology is e verywhere in the society, and most of the high school students in the U. S. own or have access to computer technology on a daily basis. We hope to show appropriate use of these technologies will increase learning. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. We provide a literature check on related research. We then discuss the data analysis and present the results. The last section provides discussions of the results along with the implications of this study.LITERATURE REVIEW Our literature review suggests there are contradictory conclusions from various studies regarding whether computer use improves academic performance. Some studies state that computer use improves academic performance. some others propose that academic performance has nothing to do with computer use. A few studies suggest that computer use is a distraction to school studies and negatively impacts academic performance. 225 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 One study claims that there exists evidence that Internet-time is harming childrens academic performance.This study was done by economists at the University of Munich named Thomas Fuchs and Ludger Woessmann who surveyed students in 31 countries. They created a very thorough, detailed survey in line of battle to eliminate other possible causes of the downward inclination of academic performance . They state in their results that the sheer ubiquitousness of information technology is getting in the way of learning 7. Another study hoped to find correlation in Internet/ Gaming Use and its numerous effects on adolescents. They analyzed not just academic performance, but social skills, relationship s, sense of reality and violent behavior.Their conclusion regarding internet use and its impact on academic performance was although playing specific computer games has immediate positive effects on specific spatial, iconic, and attentional skills employ b y the game, we need more research to see if long term computer and Internet use (both game and nongame) move lead to long term improvements in cognitive skills and academic achievement 8. Another study investigated the relationship between academic achievement and computer use. The focus was students in the 10th grade. They did a su rvey of three high schools in Ohio.This study had the students keep a log of how much time they used the computer for several different categories of activities. The study did not focus on any testing scores. Everything was measured against the students GPA. It did not find computer use at home and GPA to have a significant relationship 5. A final study analyzed the impact of owning a computer at home and not necessar ily using it to assist in the classroom. They concluded that home computers are associated with a 6-8 percentage point higher probability of graduating from high school 2.They also discussed that their statistics supported the idea that owning a perso nal computer or having access to one at home had a positive correlation with grades and a negative correlation with suspension. While many studies, experiments and discussions continue to continue around this topic, we will specifically analyze the impact of computer technology on high school students standardized test s cores and determine if we can further support the idea that computing benefits learning. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY We gathered data from two sources. One was external and compiled from publicly reported standardized test scores.The second was collected from a survey of high school students we conducted. Our first data source is compiled ACT and SAT scores from their respective institutions statistical data archives. 1,4 We have access to ACT scores from 1994 to 2011 and SAT scores from 19 78 2011. SAT scores were not separated by state until 1998. We recognise one state from each of the following shares to represent the United States Midwest (Kansas), New England (Massachusetts), Southwest (Texas), Pacific Coast (California), Southeast (Florida), Mid -Atlantic (New York).We chose Kansas to represent the Midwest, as we knew our survey data would be gathered from that state. As for selecting representative states for the other regions, we took into consideration that we wanted the most general, unbiased data. Therefore we selected states with the largest populations in hopes that those who took the standardized tests would be a more thorough and accurate taste of that state. Prior to 2005, the SAT did not contain a writing section to the standardized assessment. In order to make our data comparable, we only compared the verbal and math scores for all the years we analyzed .We took the mean of the SAT, per year, per region (state), to the mean of the GPA that is recorded that year. For the ACT, we compared the scores for each year, for each region, to the national mean of that year and observed the trends present. We determined ACT data to be unusable for our study due to the fact that the year s and breakdown of the scores was very limited. Our second source of data is the responses from a survey that were distributed to high school students in the Midwest area. We took several steps to conduct this survey. First, we designed the survey instrument.This include s everal rounds of determining more refined questions and formatting for the best presentation. Our survey questions were divided into two categories. One fellowship was general demographic information including gender, age, and 226 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 grade level. After looking at common survey questions, we were able to word these basic demographic questions to be clear and concise. The other category included data that would directly relate to our theory GPA, SAT score, ACT score, time exhausted on computer for merriment, school, and other purposes.In order to eliminate potential human error problems or difficulty reading participants answers, we provided answers with checkboxes for every question except for the computer usage question. Our survey questions were divided into two categories. One category was general demographic information including gender, age, and grade level. After looking at common survey questions, we were able to word these basic demographic questions to be clear and concise. The other category included data that would directly relate to our theory GPA, SAT score, ACT score, time spent on computer for entertainment, school, and other purposes.In order to eliminate potential human error problems or difficulty reading participants answ ers, we provided answers with checkboxes for every question except for the computer usage question. Next, in order to survey students, we had to have our research project approved by our universitys Institutional Review Board. This process included an extensive application requiring a description of potential participants, reason for research, research plan, survey instrument, and how the participation of students would be used.Shortly after submission, our application was approved, allowing us to rea ch out to topical anaesthetic schools and begin our surveying. Third, we conducted a trial run of the survey by asking seven high schools students to take the survey and report any suggestions for improvement or problems comprehending the questions. Fourth, we distributed copies of the surveys to high schools in the area. We contacted principals to get their permission and delivered them to the schools that were willing to participate.The following pieces of data were collected hours spent using an electronic devices on school days and non schools (for educational, entertainment or other purposes), SAT score, ACT score, GPA, age, gender and opinion of the effect of technology on their personal learning on a 7 point Likert Scale. Before analyzing the survey data, we prepared the data for analysis. We converted non-numerical data into a comparable numerical format. We declared 1 as representing Male and 2 representing Female. We used 1 7 to represent strongly disagree to strongly agree on the Likert scale.We assigne d numbers to the ranges of ACT and SAT scores starting at 1 for the lowest range and ending at 13 for ACT and 14 for SAT. Fo r GPA, we assigned numbers for the ranges, 1 for less than 2. 0, 2 for 2. 0 2. 49, 3 for 2. 5 2. 99, 4 for 3. 0 3. 49 and 5 for 3. 5 4. 0. We then used SPSS to determine correlation between both GPA and standardized test scores and computer usage and GPA. We analyzed our data using a T -test For Equality of the Means to compare each region to the significant region of the Midwest. We consider this region to be significant because it is where our survey data is collected.The analysis of our survey data and SAT and ACT collected data is discussed in the contiguous section. 227 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 Figure 1. Survey RESULTS Archival Data We used the years 1972 1987 to represent prior to popular computer use and the years 199 5 2010 to represent the emergence of computer technology and increased use of it for educational or other purposes. Using SPSS, we found significant negative relationships between these time periods with both Spe armans and Pearsons correlation tests. The Spearman test between these two 15 year periods of scores was -. 59 and (p-value = 0. 01). The Pearson test between these time periods was -. 764 (p-value = 0. 01). We graphed the Combined Verbal and Math scores for both the pre-computing time period (1972 1987) and for the with-computing time period (1995 2010). Figure 1 below shows the National SAT score trend for a fifteen year period before computing was prevalent among high school st udents (1972 1987). The data illustrates a negative trend for this time period. Figure 2 below shows the National SAT score trend for the fifteen year period 228 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 25-231, 2012 with computing among high school students (1995 2010). The data for this time period illustrates an initial upward trend for the first ten years. Figure 2. National SAT scores from 1972-1987 Figure 3. National SAT scores from 1995-2010 Survey Data 102 complete surveys were retu rned and the demographics of the respondents are shown in Table 1. The sample population had slightly more males (52%) than females (48%). The sample population had various ages including 12 years (1%), 14 years (14. 7%), 15 years (26. 5%), 16 years (20. 6%), 18 years (21. 6%), and 19 years (1%).We had students from four grades 9th had 33 (32. 45), 10th had 29 (28. 4%), 11th had 10 (9. 8%), and 12th had 31 (30. 4%). Students spent an average of 5. 36 hours using computer technology on school days and 8. 45 hours on non -school days. 229 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 sex activity Female Male Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th Table 1. Demographics of the Respondents Age Avg Comp Use 49 (48%) 12 1 (1%) civilise Days 53 (52%) 14 15 (14. 7%) Std. Deviation 15 27 (26. 5%) 33 (32. 4%) 16 21 (20. 6%) Non-School Days 29 (28. 4%) 17 15 (14. 7%) Std. Deviation 10 (9. 8%) 8 22 (21. 6%) 31 (30. 4%) 19 1 (1%) 5. 36 hrs 3. 91 8. 45 hrs 4. 81 We analyzed our data with SPSS and ran tests against variables in order to note correlation among factors that were recorded in our survey data. Several significant relationships were evident in our survey data. All of the results listed below use Spearmans correlation test between two variables. We had a . 223 positive correlation between reported GPA and Computer Use for School on School Days (p-value = . 05). There was a . 213 positive correlation between GPA and Computer Use for Other on School Days (p-value = . 05).No significant correlation was found between computer use for school on Non-School Days and GPA, due to the fact that the legal age of our respondents reported that they did not spend any hours on schoolwork on Non-School Days. We found a . 663 positive correlation between GPA and ACT scores (p-value = . 01). We also found a positive correlation of . 224 between GPA and sex. Finally, we found a . 241 positive correlation between students that felt that computer use was beneficial to their p ersonal academic performance and those that utilized technology for school purposes had a p-value of . 5. Table 2 summarizes these correlations and highlights the significant correlations. School Days Entertainment School Other Total Hours Non-School Days Entertainment School Other Total Hours GPA GPA -. 125 .223 .213 .107 -. 157 .099 .085 .003 1 Table 2. Correlations p-value ACT Score p-value .237 .084 .657 .034 -. 070 .714 .044 -. 055 .774 .304 .058 .761 .137 .352 .428 .977 -. 033 .027 -. one hundred ninety -. 129 .663 .863 .889 .314 .497 .000 Opinion .030 .241 -. 080 .068 p-value .778 .020 .447 .509 -. 055 .061 -. 050 .015 .010 .598 .561 .638 .887 .920CONCLUSION In this study, we aimed to answer the following research question, Is the increased use of computer based technology improving the academic performance of students? We analyzed standardized test scores, the SAT, in the years before prevalent computing (1972 1987) and in the years with prevalent and ever-increasing comp uter use (1995 2010). We also surveyed local high school students asking for computer usage in hours, standardized test scores and GPA. The analysis of SAT scores reveals an evident negative correlation.This significant correlation illustrates that in the first time period, 1972 1987, SAT scores were decreasing, but that in the years with computing, 1995 2010, scores were increasing. It can be inferred, without regarding other external factors, that computing has benefite d student performance in standardized testing, specifically the SAT. A thorough comparative analysis of our survey data indicates several significant correlations. First, the positive relationship between the hours of computer use for school purposes and GPA demonstrates the idea that use of electronic devices for school urposes benefits academic performance. Second, those with high GPAs also had high standardized test scores, such that it can be inferred that appropriate use of electronic devices also benefits students 230 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 225-231, 2012 in their standardized testing. Finally, students who had the opinion that use of electronic devices improved their personal academic performance utilized those tools, which are shown by the significant correlation between students who held this opinion and used electronic devices for schoolwork.These significant correlat ions imply, in our sample, that use of computing, or electronic devices for school work and the like, benefit students in both their GPAs and their standardized test scores. Our survey results and standardized test score analysis show an improvement in academic performance with increased computer usage. Specifically, our results show that students who spent more time using their electronic devices for school purposes did let out in school than those who claimed they used their devices for other purposes.This result in our survey sample group illustrates our theory that intelligent use of electronic devices improves academic performance of students. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH This study has a few limitations. First, in our analysis of standardized test scores, we decided against including the Writing section of the ACT as it make comparing scores between previous to 2005 and after 2005 inaccurate. This limited our ability to determine the improvement of devolvement of writing skills based upon increase in computer usage.Also, in our analysis of standardized test scores we did not include ACT scores in our results section because there was a very narrow-minded amount of data available before prevalent computer use. Finally, we only surveyed students in local area high schools. In order to make a more accurate and generalized conclusion, we would need to have a further reaching and larger sur vey size. Further research must be conducted in order to determine if our results could be duplicated in another sample group and to rule out external factors. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. . 231 ACT Incorporated. (2012). ACT national and state scores. Retrieved from http//www. act. org/newsroom/data/ Beltran, D. (2008). Home computers and educational outcomes Evidence from the NLSY97 and CPS. Retrieved from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Web site http//www. federalreserve. gov/pubs/ifdp/2008/958/ifdp958. pdf Clark, N. (2011). Annual computer sale to pass 1 billion by 2014. Retrieved from The Independent Web site http//www. independent. co. uk/news/business/news/annual -computer- sales-to-pass-1-billion-by-20142187923. tml Collegeboard. org Incorporated. (2012). Retrieved from http//professionals. collegeboard. com/data-reportsresearch/sat/archived Delgado-Hachey, Maria, et al. (2005). Adolescent computer use and academic achievement. Adolescence, 40(158), 307-318. Epstein, Z. (2011). IMS Annual smartphone sales to reach 1 billion units by 2016 Apple, Samsung winners so far. Retrieved from BGR Web site http//www. bgr. com/2011/07 /27/ims-annual-smartphone-sales-to-reach-1billion-units-by-2016-apple-samsung-winners-so-far/ Ferguson, S. (2005). How computers

Pesonal Response Nicholas Sparks The Notebook Essay

What is this Novel about? The structure of the novel is told on two levels one is the present day when Allie and Noah have bragging(a) old and live in a home the other is the report Noah reads from the note curb in which he tells how he and Allie met, fell in love, lost for each one other, and then found each other again. The end of their love story is tragically altered by Allies Alzheimers diagnosis, but even that has no power over their love.Who introduced you to this novel? A friend called Emily introduced me to this novel she was reading it in the library lessons we get at school and I remember her formula that it was very different to the movie. She stated a scene that was played near the end of the movie had already been written in the novel by the summon number of 30.What appealed to you in this novel? This novel is a typical love story, of teenagers that fall in love over pass and are forced to part. What appealed to me in this novel was that I had seen and read some of Nicholas sparks other movies and books including Dear John, A walk to remember, and his newest book Safe Haven.Is it realistic? In my opinion no I dont think it is realistic, the notebook and books similar to the notebook are giving teenage girls a different perspective on Love. The romance represent in the book represents both everything thats wrong in relationships and what woman want in relationships. This is a bad example for young adults, 1 because it is acquire thither hopes up that everyone will find love just like Allie and Noah and 2 because Love isnt going to be easy.What do you think the pass is? The Message behind the notebook is simply true love, no matter what you go through, Allie got diagnosed with a disease called Alzheimer, but despite this Noah read a notebook every day to Allie hoping for a miracle to happen. A quote I found that pretty much explains everything is behind every great love, is a great storyWho was your favorite character in this novel? My fa vorite character in the book is Noah, because he has pure commitment. Because he wrote to Allie after they had spent a summer together. He wrote her 365 letters one every day of the year, even with no reply because Allies mum had kept them from her.Why did the setting interest you? The book was set in early October 1946, and Noah Calhoun lived in North Carolina, in one of the largest homes in New Bern. The setting interests me because how the author describes the town that Noah lives in sounds a divide like the town I live in, very small, everyone knows everyone, people are so generous. This setting is where Noah meet Allies as Allies family were spending there summer in this town because her father worked for R.J. Reynolds.Was the Title a good one? Yes I do think the title was a good one, it perfectly describes the book in 2 words. The story is been read as a notebook and in fact it is a Notebook that Ally started writing when she was offset diagnosed with Alzheimer so she would remember her life.

In what ways did popular culture Essay

The recreation profiteers encouraged a fai fruit drink of classlessness which would undermine works class solidarity 3. This was non good for socialism for a socialist state to emerge, the workers themselves strike to take control. Socialism rests on the premise that the proletariat should be aware and proud of their background, and certainly not aspire to join the middle classes, the ones who are expected to be overthrown. Its interesting that the recommended alternatives to commercial entertainment, portion foreword by socialists in the recently 19th century, were often related to the natural countryside.For example, the clarion (The every week socialist paper founded in 1891 by Robert and Montague Blatchford and influenced by the ideas of William Morris) soon became a movement with its own hiking, arise and cycling clubs. This leisurely, back to nature approach was intended to promote a healthy life and draw its followers as energetic campaigners, who could turn their bac ks on the urban squalor. According to David Prynn, such groups expressed a revulsion against the ugliness and anonymity of urbanised, industrial society, and a deep reverence for nature4.Nowhere were the forbid effects of capitalism more(prenominal) visible than in the industrial towns and Engels describes this in detail in The look into Of The Working club In England. British socialists were likely to turn out been influenced by this key Marxist text. However, disdain the popularity of the Clarion clubs, the easy availability and convenience of commercial entertainment must have played a demote in preventing more from joining. Why would somebody, after a hard weeks work, lack to travel out of the town when the pub, theatre or football ground was just round the landmark?And the energetic nature of socialist pastimes (such as choir singing, cycling, hiking) did not really lend itself to the physically demanding shifts in the factories, mines and mills. music Music hall ente rtainment was another realm of commercial recreation considered by socialist thinking as unhealthy passive entertainment. The gulf between performer on the stage and paying spectator in the audience discouraged the working class from making their own music. To socialists, the commercial rotary motion had eradicated a viable popular musical culture5. Music halls were seen as a threat to topical anesthetic performers and travelling showmen.Music played an important part in socialist circles, as it was recognised as arguably the most popular form of entertainment. Alternatives to Music hall shows were group choirs (For example, the nationwide Clarion vocal music Union) and sing-along political compositions, which not only emphasised community spirit by encouraging participation, but overly were seen as essential for propaganda value, the lyrics instilling in people the ideas of the socialist cause. Music hall attendance, and the nature of the entertainment there, was therefore view ed as counter-productive to the cause.The music hall acts themselves would tend to reaffirm bourgeoisie values by reflecting insouciant life and the songs could hardly be considered as inflammatory. According to keister Kenrick With women and children in the audience, the material was never more than mildly risqui. The songs were mostly sentimental and/or comic takes on everyday life, as well as spoofs of the rich and famous. 6 Furthermore, the diversity and variation of music hall acts was not good for creating a communal musical heritage7, which was seen as important in cementing working-class unity.Folk songs were added to the socialist repertoire, considered to be unchanged songs of the people. Conclusion The rising popularity of British socialism and its accompanying clubs and associations demonstrates that the working classes were not entirely diverted past from socialism, as this essay question suggests. Socialism (which, after all, was a new idealism in the late 19th ce ntury, and was born in the midst of the fastest gro elevateg industrial nation in the population and found itself having to compete with that nations capitalist values) never went away and continued to grow in strength through with(predicate) the next century.However, forces existed, of which commercial entertainment was one, which prevented socialism from being as popular as it might have been. As sport and leisure became new fields of investment for entrepreneurs, capitalism became an even bigger part of life for the masses. The money they made from wages was put back into the system via paid-for entertainment. The other reasons that Socialists were unable to win over more of the masses could be linked to the types of leisure activities they put foreword.These activities were physically demanding, as I have already explained, but also they were arguably the type of leisure enjoyed by the middle classes. The inadvertent result of this was that movements like Blatchfords tended t o attract more middle class socialists, and had less appeal to the working classes. Socialists advocated leisure time spent in the countryside but to travel out of the city every spend could also have been regarded as the privilege of the middle class. Perhaps socialists needed to start their campaigns from within the towns where the workers lived, not from outside them.Word count = 1560 Bibliography Waters, C British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture Manchester University press, 1990 Prynn, D The Clarion Clubs, Rambling and the Holiday Associations in Britain since the 1890s journal of Contemporary History 11,1976 Benson, J The Working Class in England 1875 1914 Croom Helm, 1985 Marx and Engels The Manifesto of the Communist Party Progress, 1952 Engels, F The Condition Of The Working Class In England Oxford University Press, 1993 John Kenrick The British Music Hall http//www. musicals101. com/musichall. htmJames Sotheran SOCHI2036 IN WHAT WAYS DID POPULAR CULTURE A ND PEOPLES PASTIMES DIVERT THE WORKING CLASS AWAY FROM SOCIALISM? Module Leader Ray Physick 1 Waters, C British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture Manchester University press, 1990, (P. 23) 2 equal as 1 (P. 44-50) 3 Same as 1 (P. 40) 4 Prynn, D The Clarion Clubs, Rambling and the Holiday Associations in Britain since the 1890s Journal of Contemporary History 11,1976 (P. 65) 5 Same as 1 (P. 103) 6 John Kenrick The British Music Hall http//www. musicals101. com/musichall. htm 7 Same as 1 (P. 105).

Critical Analysis of The Iceman Cometh Essay

It is a rudimentary law of storytelling that in order for an germ to capture and maintain the readers interest, the author moldiness create accreditedistic characters, ones that are relatable, genuine, and plainly likeable. In the works of Eugene ONeill, he takes that encounter of realistic character develop workforcet and proceeds to warp and twist it into a beautifully mangled ikon of raw humanity and pessimism. He formulates characters that are utter derelicts to society, each one desperately hanging on to their hopeless dreams, each one hauntingly familiar to us.ONeill, one of the more well-kn take in twentieth coke Ameri burn die hardwrights, borrows from the thinking of Nietzsche to strip away the fluff of human privateity, exposing the basic, etern eithery somber inner whole caboodle of the human psyche. In his plays, such as The Ice art object Cometh, ONeill consistently portrays a genuine nihilistic theme that in that location is no divinity fudge, one of the p rototypical in his field to toy with the idea. He talkes that t here(predicate) is no bang-up reward in life, that even after years, perhaps even a lifetime of suffering, there is no pay off the hardly thing you catch up with is the relief that is death.ONeills The Ice Man Cometh, a play brought to Broadway which went on to celebrated success, is the story of, more or less, drunken slobs. The plays epicenter is a prohibit/boarding house where a multitude of drunken derelicts seem to live. The hotel being named after the owner, Harry expect, is laughably ironic, seeing as how most every last(predicate) of the bar flies have little or no hope left in there lives, yet they all dream of their tomorrows paying their bills tomorrow, getting their job back tomorrow, making a freshly start tomorrow.The plot revolves around the many bar attendees, however sixty year old Larry Slade plays the habit of the bitter objective commentator, a person who has decidedly take himself from the anarchist group called The Movement and the responsibilities of mainstream life. He and his companions eagerly await the arrival of their salesman friend zit, who come abouts down twice a year to waste all off his money on buying everyone drinks. thus far before Hickey arrives, Don Parrit, the son of an ex-l everyplace of Larrys, a woman who was also in the Movement, comes to Larry seeking help.Apparently the Movement has nearly collapsed on account of soul selling the group turn out, resulting in the arrest of Parrits mother, Rosa. Shortly afterwards, Hickey arrives, which would usually put the men in good spirits. Hickey has changed though, and instead of being his usual enjoyable self, his is sullen and depressed, evangelically preaching to the others that they should kick their pipe dreams as he has that it is only when this is done can one truly obtain plain will, a doctrine that Larry has already put into effect.That night, they celebrate Harrys birthday, merely everyone has set out tender and quarrelsome, what with Hickeys grouchiness and unwillingness to drink. The story reaches its climax when Hickey announces the death of his wife, and all the character become infuriated with Hickey for reminding them of their lamentable grasp on pipe dreams, prompting them all to finally get moving towards turning those pipe dreams into realities. However their dreams deteriorate apart the second they start, and they all return to the bar in the end however their shreds of hope have been dashed by their confrontations with reality, and they all resent Hickey.Hickey therefore tells them that he actually killed his wife out of sheer hatred for constant forgiveness, and Parrit admits that he interchange out his mother and the movement for analogous reasons. Overcome with guilt, Parrit asks Larry to sentence his punishment, while Harry turns himself into the police, believing himself to be insane. Larry finally confronts his own fear of death by ord ering Parrits suicide, in the end leave Larry with his own desire for death.The characters in The Ice Man Cometh are essentially sad and entirely pathetic the dynamics that exist between them seem so raw and primitive that it borders on the unreal. Although containing a well-sized cast, the play mainly focuses on the interactions between Larry, Parrit and Hickey (Bogard 51). From the beginning of the play, we are introduced to Larry as a man removed from society, one who cares not to create any more bonds or relationships with the world and its inhabitants. Larry tells us this himself when he says So I said to the world, God bless all here, and may the best man win nd die of gluttony And I took a seat in the grandstand of philosophical detachment to fall asleep observing the cannibals do their death dance. (ONeill Plays of Our time 12)Larry attempts to play the part of the coolly detached demigod or Overman as proposed by Nietzsche. Nietzsche fall upons the Ubermensch as, the convey of the earth. Let your will say the overman shall be the meaning of the earth I beseech you, my brothers, remain faithful to the earth, and do not believe those who speak to you of nonnatural hopes (Towards the Ubermensch). What Nietzsche basically illustrates is a man who lives in reality, and does not expect anything more from it he does not expect an afterlife, nor any reward for his life he is a man living by his own morals, not buying into slave morality, the basic set of ethics impressed upon society (Wilcox 13). However it should be noted that Larry attempts to play this role he successfully does so, up until Don Parrit enters his life and tugs at the few heartstrings Larry has left.In the past, Larry was a father figure to Parrit, and now Parrit has come back trying to run across that paternal void in his life. After symbolically killing his mother by selling her out to the cops, Parrit yearns to find some semblance of a reliable parent. Although Larry clearly decl ares his new outlook on life, he is eventually convinced by Hickey to kill that pipe dream of his, his own fear of death, and takes certificate of indebtedness for Parrits betrayal by sentencing him to his suicide. In his stock certificate Go Get the hell out of life, God damn you, before I choke it out of youGo up- Larry is in theory sucked back into the real world by acknowledging that bond he shares with Parrit (ONeill Plays of Our time 138). Hickey, like Larry, is another example of the influence Nietzsche had on ONeill. When Hickey finally returns, he preaches to the rest of the men to give up their dreams, and it is only then can one be totally salvage. This sudden quest to destroy the American dream is similar to Nietzsches rejection of the Judeo-Christian faith and its ideals of redemption (Orr 91).By refusing the notion of an afterlife, one is truly free in that you realize your actions have no real consequence. John Orr goes as far as to describe Hickey as both a Chri st and an Antichrist figure to the barflies. His preaching offers no one buyback because they all end up back at the bar, mentally worse off than before, symbolically dead, but he himself is crucified when he turns himself in to the police. Edmund Wilson said, Eugene ONeill, nearly always, with whatever crudeness, is expressing some real experience, some jounce directly from life. (382).And Wilson is right many, if not all of ONeills plays serve as a personal reflection of his thoughts and experiences in life. In cases like The Ice Man Cometh, Bogard suggests that the characters he writes about mimic the slew he encountered while he spent his days in the saloons of New Orleans. As one annotates in the early stage directions, the characters are described as specific types of people Joe Mott being mildly blackamoor in type Piet Wetjoen A Dutch farmer type and claiming McGloin has the occupation of policeman stamped all over him (51).There is no doubt these characters were based on people or groups of certain people he has encountered in his life. The motif of alcoholism is obvious in The Ice Man Cometh, and of course, ONeill had first top experience with alcohol problems. It was his constant drinking that mollified the shock of learning of his mothers morphine addiction, and what also got him thrown out of Princeton University. Even ONeills nihilistic rejection of Christianity stems from his early childhood, when he insisted that he no longer attend Catholic school, but instead go to a secular boarding school.Also, the suicide attempt of Jimmy Tomorrow and the successful suicide of Don Parrit are reflective of ONeills own struggle with suicide back in 1912, ironically the same year The Ice Man Cometh takes place. With this knowledge of ONeills troubled and mentally disturbed past, we are able to discern the basic themes of The Ice Man Cometh. However this in itself is no easy task, the play is multi-layered, dealing with themes that involve dreams of dea th, and the conception of God however they all stem from a focal point which is the inner turmoil that exists at bottom man.In the beginning of the play, Larry describes Hopes Hotel to Parrit, which coincidentally enough is a perfect metaphor for the mens lives What is it? Its the No Chance Saloon. The Bedrock Bar, The End of the Line Cafe, The Bottom of the Sea Rathskellar Dont you notice the beautiful calm in the atmosphere? Thats because its the last harbor. No one here has to worry about where theyre going next, because there is no farther they can go. Its a great comfort to them.Although even here they keep up the appearances of life with a few clean pipe dreams about their yesterdays and tomorrows, as youll see for yourself if youre here long. (ONeill Plays of Our Time 19). Larry repeats the idea that the hotel is the end of the line, that inside its walls there lies no chance, that its the last harbor. And so it is, the hotel symbolically becoming a sort of limbo, a hole i n the wall place where the burnouts and ruined lives come to kill some time as they subconsciously wait for their deaths.Even ONeill describes the hotel in the first few lines of his stage directions as The back manner and a section of the bar of Harry Hopes saloon on an early morning in summer, 1912. The right wall of the back room is a dirty black curtain which separates the barThe back room is crammed with round tables and chairs placed so close together that it is a difficult squeeze to pass between themThe walls and ceiling once were white, but it was a long time ago, and they are now so splotched, peeled, stained and dusty that their color can best be described at dirty. (ONeill Plays of Our Time 7).The hotel exists as a microcosm removed from society the fasten back room full of dirty furniture and even dirtier people, representing the grim reality of death that lies in the dark recesses of the inhabitants minds. To end up at this bar is to acknowledge your death. However a ll the hotels inhabitants chair on to their pipe dreams, their last great memories of reality, all making empty promises to get back on their feet. However, they still sit, waiting for the relief of death.Their relief is that they can finally end the suffering of day-to-day human beings and leave this earth. Nietzsche pushes the notion that the only world that truly exists is the physical one. There remains no great dramatic ending, no glorious redemption, there is no higher being that any of us must answer to or any grand jury that is weighing our every action, the apparent world is the only one the true world is mere added by a lie (Wilcox 73). These men finally cumulate their death-bringer when salesman Theodore Hickman, to them known as Hickey, enters the hotel.Yearly coming by for Harry Hopes birthday, always a bringer of life and vitality (and especially alcohol), Larry and the others notice a gross change in Hickey. He begins to unnervingly preach the glory of killing your pipe dreams. Hickey convinces the drunkards to forget those great memories of reality, forget those promises to start anew, and accept the position that they are physically and mentally paralyzed forever stuck in the limbo of Harry Hopes hotel until their death (Bogard 54).Travis Bogard best explained it by saying Their dreams hold at least an illusion of lifes essence movement in purposive action. Action, to be sure, will never be taken, but the dreams let on a basic human truth to foster life, man must preserve a borderline dream of movementshowing the dreamers that they will never take actionbrings the peace of death.